shewanella putrefaciens biochemical test

and transmitted securely. Open Access. A Comparison of Molecular Biology Mechanism of Shewanella putrefaciens Much of the problem in prevention comes from tendency of Shewanella to become a . May; Volume 67(5). Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Infections form Shewanella putrfaciens mainly occur in soft tissue such as skin, intra-abdominal areas, or in the blood (Pagani) (McNair). From MicrobeWiki, the student-edited microbiology resource, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC92873, https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Shewanella_putrefaciens&oldid=94391, Pages edited by students of Joan Slonczewski at Kenyon College. Reduction of structural Fe(III) in smectite by a pure culture of Shewanella Putrefaciens strain MR-1. Shewanella consists of facultatively anaerobic Gram-negative rods, most of which are found in extreme aquatic habitats where the temperature is very low and the pressure is very high. Benaissa E, Abassor T, Oucharqui S, Maleb A, Elouennass M. IDCases. <i>Shewanella haliotis</i>, Often Misidentified as <i>Shewanella algae</i> in Biochemical Tests and MALDI-TOF Analysis. Brinkmeyer R. Diversity of bacteria in ships ballast water as revealed by next generation DNA sequencing. Shewanella putrefaciens is also known to cause the rotting smell associated with dead fish because of its production of trimethylamines (McNair). The portal can access those files and use them to remember the user's data, such as their chosen settings (screen view, interface language, etc. The .gov means its official. All 10 Shewanella isolates, when tested on the API 20E, API NFT, RapID NF Plus, and Vitek systems, were identified as S. putrefaciens, with one exception. Characterization of iron-reducing, Baaziz H, Lemaire O.N, Jourlin-Castelli C, Iobbi-Nivol C, Mjean V, Alatou R, Fons M. Draft genome sequence of, Chang C, Chaoqun H, Xiaoyan C, Luping Z. Schmidt U, Kapila R, Kaminski Z, Louria D. Von Graevenitz A. 2022 Dec;13(1):1515-1532. doi: 10.1080/21505594.2022.2117831. Identification of the isolate as S. putrefaciens was confirmed by the API 20E system (bioMerieux Vitek, Inc., Hazelwood, Mo.). Arribi A, Prez A, Pez M, Wilhelmi I, Garrote F. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin. The water samples were serially diluted up to 105 using 0.8% saline water and 0.1 mL of the diluted samples were inoculated on marine agar by spread plate technique. Identification and characterization of, Fredrickson J.K, Romine M.F, Beliaev A.S, Jennifer M, Osterman L, Pinchuk G, Reed J.L, Rodionov D.A, Jorge L.M. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Human Infection with Shewanella putrefaciens and S. algae: Report of 16 Cases in Martinique and Review of the Literature. A NJ phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA (Figure-1a) indicated that the isolates fell within the clade comprising the members of genus Shewanella, forming a cluster with S. algae strain ATCC 51192 with sequences similarities of 99.4% (Sa-BW1), 99.9% (Sa-BW2), 99.8% (Sa-BW7), and 100% (Sa-BW8). You may notice problems with Although infection in healthy hosts is uncommon, rare cases have been reported in individuals with no underlying diseases due to massive exposure to marine environment and seafood consumption [31-33]. Front Microbiol. The infections described most commonly involve ears, skin and soft tissue, with or without bacteraemia. Shewanella bacteria are a normal component of the surface flora of . Shewanella spp. In the previous studies, Shewanella spp. Shewanella putrefaciens is a Gram-negative bacterium. thermosphacta and Sh. is ubiquitous in marine-associated environments and widely spread in nature throughout the world. Laupland KB, Stewart AG, Edwards F, Paterson DL, Coulter S, Heney C, George N, Harris P. Emerg Infect Dis. FRGS/1/2019/STG05/UKM/02/6). S. putrefaciens and Streptococcus viridans were isolated from both sets of blood culture bottles after 24 h of aerobic incubation. As for seawater samples, out of 212 isolates that were isolated two of them were presumed as Shewanella, namely, Sa-SW2 and Sa-SW3. 1996, 44, 522 . [ 26 ]. Cureus | An Interesting Case of Cellulitis Caused by Shewanella Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies In general, hemolytic activity has been considered as an important virulence marker for Shewanella spp. 2007. 1, 2 This pathogen has a potential to live in fresh . It also showed antibacterial activity by destroying cell wall and preventing membrane coherence of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Shewanella putrefaciens with MIC of 0.16 and 0.08 mg/ml respectively (Liu et al., 2020). S = Susceptible, I = Intermediate, R = Resistance, a/b = calculation ratio. There was no direct involvement during the blood withdrawal procedures and no further experiments were performed on the subjected animal and human. Case report nosocomial peripancreatic infection associated with, Hochedez P, Vignier N, Barreau M, Olive C, Baubion E, Theodose R. Human infection with. Simidu U, Kita-Tsukamoto K, Yasumoto T, Yotsu M. Taxonomy of four marine bacterial strains that produce tetrodotoxin. 2016. Hudzicki J. Kirby-Bauer Disk Diffusion Susceptibility Test Protocol. In a mouse pathogenicity study performed by Khashe and Janda [34], S. algae was observed to be the more virulent species compared to S. putrefaciens, and it was speculated that hemolytic activity could play an important virulence factor. Guinetti-Ortiz K, Bocanegra-Jess A, Gmez de la Torre-Del Carpio A. Medwave. p. Amplification of gyrB gene was carried out using two degenerated primers, UP1 (5-GAA GTCATCATGACCGTTCTGCAYGC NGGNGGNAARTTY GA-3) and UP2R (5-AGC AGGGTACGATGTGCGAGCCRTCNACRTCN GCRTCNGTCAT-3) with the following conditions: Initial denaturation at 94C for 1 min, followed by 30 cycles of denaturation at 94C for 1 min, primer annealing at 60C for 1 min, primer extension at 72C for 2 min, and final extension at 72C for 7 min [38]. Resistance to tobramycin, novobiocin, and rifampicin was also observed in several studies [24,26,73]. Shewanella putrefaciens (KX355803, GRD 03), a Gram-negative pathogen isolated from mackerel fish, was identified and recognized as a food spoilage bacterium and a strong biofilm producer. Hemolytic activity was determined by streaking the strains on heart infusion agar supplemented with 5% washed erythrocytes of human and sheep blood. First case of human spondylodiscitis due to Shewanella algae. Comparing the OD means of isolates well to ODc = 0.143, 2 ODc = 0.286 and 4 ODC = 0.332, the strains were then categorized as follows: Susceptibility of S. algae isolates to antibiotics was determined by Kirby-Bauer disk-diffusion technique on Mueller-Hinton agar following protocol by Hudzicki [42] using broad spectrum antibiotics used to treat variety of bacterial infections. [Opportunistic infections caused by Shewanella, new emergent bacteria]. The adhesion or attachment ability of Shewanella putrefaciens was determined on steel, plastic, glass, PVC and wood. The isolates had key phenotypic characteristics of oxidase positive and sulfide production attributed to Shewanella spp. Pathogenicity of two isolates (Pt38 and K116) for freshwater fish was assayed. National Library of Medicine The ability of S. algae isolates to form biofilm was tested based on microtiter dish biofilm formation assay adapted from OToole [40]. Details of each ballast water samples are shown in Table-1. Escherichia coli was used as an outgroup. The .gov means its official. Thus, it is considered necessary for microbes to contain more than one extracellular enzyme to be virulent. 1997. Shewanella putrefaciens (formerlyPseudomonas putrefaciens, Alteromonas putrefaciens, or CDC group Ib) is widely distributed in the environment and has infrequently been implicated as a cause of human disease. Veterinary World remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published institutional affiliation. to predict potentially virulent strain [61-63]. Drake L.A, Meyer A.E, Forsberg R.L, Baier R.E, Doblin M.A, Heinemann S, Johnson W.P, Koch M, Rublee P.A, Dobbs F.C. [41]. Recently, the use of microorganisms to adsorb heavy metals has attracted research attention. from publication: Isolation and Identification of Potential Pathogenic Bacteria in Living Carp (Cyprinus carpio . It was positive for ornithine decarboxylase, gelatin, oxidase, and citrate. You may switch to Article in classic view. This protective film may act as refuge for bacteria during transport allowing them to persist within the tank environment and proliferate. Biogenic Fe(II-III) hydroxycarbonate green rust has recently emerged as a candidate to reduce nitrite without ammonium production under abiotic conditions. Shewanella (Pseudomonas) putrefaciens is a rare pathogen in humans, and to our knowledge only 13 cases of S. putrefaciens bacteremia have ever been reported in the literature. Isolation and characterization of. Shewanella putrefaciens: A gram-negative facultative anaerobic bacterium primarily isolated from sea water, which reduces iron and manganese and produces trimethylenethe chemical responsible the stench of rotting fish; it is not part of normal human flora. 8600 Rockville Pike C LOBO - infona.pl Although human infection by these species is rare, increasing number of cases has been reported worldwide with >80% of clinical Shewanella isolates being attributed to the S. algae species. The ability of S. algae isolates to form a strong biofilm formation, as shown in this study suggested a significant advantage for the survival adaptation of this species in ballast tank. Whether this species was introduced or is native and common in the local port water remains an open question. The isolates were identified and characterized based on biochemical and enzymatic properties, 16S rRNA and gyrB sequencing, biofilm formation capability, and antibiotic susceptibility. This might also indicate a potential taxonomic problem in the presumptive identification of this related strain. ; 04-01-02-SF1244) and Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE) Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (Grant no. Appelbaum P C, Bowen A J. Opportunistic infection of chronic skin ulcers with. Meanwhile, strain Sa-BW8 formed a separated branch which suggests the greater number of sequence difference from the other isolates. Potential microbial invasion via ships'ballast water, sediment and biofilm. thermosphacta . The present study investigated . Shewanella algae and Shewanella putrefaciens: clinical and EN. The samples were then subjected to biochemical tests. The genomic sequences and sequence annotations for 15 of the 43 genomes, which were published at the time of this study (January 2006), were obtained . Potentially pathogenic features of heterotrophic plate count bacteria isolated from treated and untreated drinking water. It is a gram negative bacteria, meaning it does not dye during gram staining, which usually indicates a stronger antibiotic resistance. 1995. Volume 25. p. 225229. ), or their login data. In this study, four S. algae strains were isolated from ballast water samples taken from ships docked at Port Klang, Malaysia. According to Edberg et al. Phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences of S. algae Sa-BW1, Sa-BW2, Sa-BW7, Sa-BW8, and some other related Shewanella species. The strains showed gyrB gene sequence similarities of 97.7-98.9% to S. upenei, 97.5-97.9% to S. haliotis, and 73.1-95.2% to other Shewanella species. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (. Two complete sets (one aerobic and one anaerobic culture bottle each) of blood for cultures were collected at an interval of 30 min for aerobic and anaerobic bacterial isolation. Bookshelf Close. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree based on gyrB gene sequences of Shewanella algae Sa-BW1, Sa-BW2, Sa-BW7, Sa-BW8, and some other closely related S. algae strains. In: Gilardi G L, editor. (b) Maximum-likelihood tree. The phylogenetic analysis grouped the strains (Sa-BW1, Sa-BW2, Sa-BW7, and Sa-BW8) in the S. algae cluster, closest to S. algae ATCC 51192. While members of this genus have been intensively studied for their role in bioremediation [13] and application in microbial fuel cells [14], several species have been reported as emerging pathogens in human and aquatic animals. A comparison of microbial water quality and diversity for ballast and tropical harbor waters. The infections described most commonly involve ears, skin and soft tissue, with or without bacteraemia. Negative reactions were observed for indole, methyl-red, Voges-Proskauer, and citrate tests. Martn-Rodrguez A.J, Martn-Pujol O, Artiles-Campelo F, Bolaos-Rivero M, Rmling U. Jampala S, Meera P, Vivek V, Kavitha D.R. Microorganisms. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Richards G.P, Watson M.A, Crane E.J.M, Burt I.G, Bushek D. Drake L.A, Doblin M.A, Dobbs F.C. Before Mogrovejo-Arias D.C, Brill F.H.H, Wagner D. Potentially pathogenic bacteria isolated from diverse habitats in Spitsbergen, Svalbard. Soap Germicidal L. monocytogenes Catalase (+) 3 C's: Chicken, Coleslaw, Cheese Chlamydia When delayed: 4'C Freezing: -20'C BAP Phenotypic Gram (+) colonies: Dry, white, sometimes gray Gram (-) colonies: Gray and moist M. gordonae Destroyed by chlorine DNase test Utilizes 1N HCl LOA test For Gram (+) For nonfermentative For Enterobacteriaceae Na hypochlorite . Schroeder M, Brooks B.D, Brooks A.E. The mechanism of S. putrefaciens biofilm formation is not yet described. Further identification by 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequencing confirmed the identity of the ballast water and seawater isolates. S. algae: Shewanella algae. Species identification was performed by Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) (http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi). Volume 26 (34) p. 198. government site. The tree also revealed a very close phylogenetic relationship of the isolates with Shewanella upenei 20-23R with a same sequence similarities values as in S. algae ATCC 51192. "Clin Infect Dis". 2005 Apr;35(4):186-91. doi: 10.1016/j.medmal.2005.03.008. Infections due to S. putrefaciens include chronic leg ulcers (1), infections of the ear (10), abscesses (12), and septicemia (4, 6, 9). 2021 Sep 23;26:e01294. Biochemicals and Gram Positive Organisms ID Course Facilitator Guide, page 7. No anaerobic organisms were isolated. PDF First isolation of Shewanella putrefaciens from freshwater fish - a Shewanella putrefaciens Pdp11 has been described as a probiotic for farmed fish species such as Solea senegalensis and Sparus aurata. Its ability to be a biocatalyst and to reduce iron has lead to interesting research done with Shewanella putrefaciens being used in fuel cells. Pyogenic flexor tenosynovitis caused by, Khashe S, Janda J.M. [18]. Studies done by Applied and Environmental Microbiology society looked deeper into this problem and the possibility that Shewanella Putrefaciens colonies on the equipment may be the source of further bacterial pollution while also causing corrosion of the equipment itself. Each experiment included a group of the same condition but without microbes as the negative control. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help The adherence capabilities of the isolates were classified according to Stepanovi et al. and some emerging opportunistic pathogen such as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Shewanella algae [3-5]. Isolation of Shewanella putrefaciens from a Rheumatic Heart Disease "Shewanella" May 4, 2010. This means that Shewanella infections occur in warm climates or during especially warm summers in temperate climates. Ecology and Biotechnology of the Genus Shewanella. 189, 1036 . While for human blood agar preparation, human blood samples were collected from healthy volunteers by a medical laboratory technician of the UKM Health Center. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2022 Apr 29;9:850938. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.850938. Accessibility and transmitted securely. Gilardi G L. Pseudomonas. Microbiol Infect 1997; 3: 329-334. The isolates also grew well on MacConkey and SS agar. It is used as many things from a bioremediate of chlorinated compounds to a radionuclide and a biocatalyst. This organism has rarely been isolated from clinical material. The fact that the S. algae isolates from this study itself were isolated from ballast tanks of different ballast water sources (port of origin) would validate the role of ballast water in transporting the bacterial species around the world, contributing to the global spread. The plates were incubated at 30C for 3 days. Brink, AJ, Van, Straten, A, Van, and Rensburg, AJ. On examination of the patient, no evidence of congestive heart failure was found. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Initially, these species were named Achromobacter putrefaciens, later changed to Pseudomonas putrefaciens, and was finally, in 1985, classified as Shewanella genus. already built in. Clays Clay Miner. p. 22401. Palevich N, Palevich FP, Gardner A, Brightwell G, Mills J. We report here a case of bacteremia with S. putrefaciens in a rheumatic heart disease patient with infective endocarditis in which an etiological association was made due to the organisms isolation twice from blood and echocardiographic evidence of a vegetation on the anterior mitral leaflet. The effect of the bacteria is seen through external lesions and visible bacterial colonies. The multiple alignment and construction of neighbour-joining (NJ) and maximum likelihood (ML) phylogenetic trees were performed using MEGA Version 6.0 [39]. The low-temperature plasma process is an advanced technology that has recently enjoyed great popularity due to its eco-friendly nature and antibacterial efficacy. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Multiple antibiotic resistance indexing of, DeFrank J.J, Beaudry W.T, Cheng T.C, Harvey S.P, Stroup A.N, Szafraniec L.L. The most common clinical symptoms described in human infections by S. algae are bacteremia, cellulitis, and chronic otitis media [18]. Shewanella is a group of opportunistic organisms that mainly causes infection in immunocompromised individuals. Sheweanella putrefaciens grows quickly on both solid and liquid media and is recognizable for its pink color. [3] [4] [5] Khashe, S, and M Janda. This presence of an electrochemical reaction could mean a lot of things for the use of Shewanella putrefaciens in fuel cells later on (Kim). JCDR - Ascitic fluid, Non-fermenter, Shewanella putrefaciens Whole-genome sequence to decipher the resistome of, Huang Y.T, Tang Y.Y, Cheng J.F, Wu Z.Y, Mao Y.C, Liu P.Y. The association of S. putrefaciens with subacute bacterial endocarditis in an immunocompetent patient further extends the clinical spectrum of this opportunistic pathogen. Note: Freight charges for Risk Group 2 microorganisms will apply. The most commonly reported antibiotic resistance is against beta-lactams, such as amoxicillin, ampicillin, and penicillin; and against cephalosporins such as cephalothin, cefazolin, and cefotaxime [74] in accordance with the resistance observed in this study. NNNI and NMN did laboratory analysis and collected data. Four bacterial groups, namely, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Shewanella spp., and Burkholderia spp., which had 12, 11, 9, and 11 sequenced representatives, respectively, were included in the analyses. Annual Review of Microbiology. These things combined make the bacteria hard to detect until after the death of an organism, and hard to kill without the use of antibiotics. Shewanella alga bacteremia in two patients with lower leg ulcers. Human infection with Shewanella putrefaciens and S. algae: report of 16 cases in Martinique and review of the literature. All isolates showed positive reaction for cytochrome oxidase, catalase, high tolerance to NaCl (6% and 8%), ability to grow at 42C, and on Salmonella-Shigella agar. Treatment with parenteral gentamicin and penicillin was begun and continued for 3 weeks. Fisheries Technical Services-Fish Health, Ageing and Species, Environment Agency, Shewanella putrefaciens Group . As summarized in Table-3, multiple resistance was observed against oxacillin, ampicillin, carbenicillin, cephalothin, novobiocin, tobramycin, colistin, and rifampicin. Martin-Rodriguez A.J, Martin-Pujol O, Artiles-Campelo F, Bolanos-Rivero M, Romling U. Elucidation of Iron(III) Bioleaching Properties of Gram-Positive 3,4 It can also be found on other sources . All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Preparation of genomic DNA from bacteria. Disclaimer, National Library of Medicine FOIA The pathogenicity of. Cape May County Department of Health 6 Moore Road, Cape May Court House Aliquots of 0.1 mL of the culture were spread on to plates of tryptone soya agar (Difco, Sparks, USA), supplemented with 1.5 % NaCl (TSAs) and incubated daily at 22 C. The phylogenetic analysis of gyrB gene sequence between S. algae isolates from ballast water and nearest S. algae strains sequences from GenBank database revealed the phylogenetically relatedness of the ballast water strain with S. algae strains from various region around the globe. The samples were then transferred back to the laboratory in an icebox for further microbiological analysis. Cr(VI) is a ubiquitous pollutant that poses a serious threat to human health. The .gov means its official. 2-4 These species are a part of microflora of marine environment and exposure to marine sources is considered an important risk factor for human diseases. J. Bacteriol. Isolation of Shewanella putrefaciens GRD 03 from Fish and Explication The lower occurrences of interspecies sequence similarities in gyrB gene compared to 16S rRNA described in this study implied a better resolution to distinguish S. algae isolates from its closely related species, S. haliotis and S. upenei. Out of more than 60 known Shewanella species, Shewanella putrefaciens, Shewanella haliotis, Shewanella xiamenensis, and S. algae have been documented with pathogenicity in human beings [15-17]. The obtained sequence data were aligned and analyzed using BioEdit Version 7.0. Shewanella putrefaciens play a predominant role in food spoilage processes, mainly correlated with spoilage of frozen fish and meat products. In this study, the cutoff ODC was set as 0.143. Fonnesbech Vogel B, Venkateswaran K, Satomi M, Gram L. Appl Environ Microbiol. will also be available for a limited time. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2009.11.007. Myung D.S, Jung Y.S, Kang S.J, Song Y.A, Park K.H, Jung S.I, Kim S.H, Shin J.H. Virulence. Toward a More Robust Assessment of Intraspecies Diversity, Using Fewer Biochemical test result of Shewanella putrefaciens. | Download In term of pathogenicity, formation of biofilms provides protection against immune system and antibiotic treatment thus preventing access of certain antimicrobial agents from reaching the bacterial cells within the biofilm which could complicate the clinical treatment of S. algae [66]. Shewanella putrefaciens - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics "Microbe of the Week". Careers. (PDF) Shewanella putrefaciens - A new opportunistic pathogen of However, the adaptation allowing survival in marine environment could also allow for colonization of living hosts if the bacteria get the opportunity to enter the host. indicated that most species are susceptible to aminoglycosides, carbapenems, erythromycin, quinolones, extended-spectrum cephalosporins, and macrolides, but resistance to penicillin [68-70]. NNNI, NMN, and FS designed the study. "Journal of Clinical Microbioliology". Clin Infect Dis. In this retrospective study we describe 28 cases of S. putrefaciens bacteremia: 16 in premature and 1-day-old neonates, 9 in adults, and 3 in children younger . Shewanella putrefaciens: An Emerging Cause of Nosocomial Pneumonia Negative control wells contained only marine broth were added in the assay, while suspension of Staphylococcus aureus from UKM Biotechnology and Marine Microbiology Laboratory culture collection was included as positive control. 1, p. 151. . DOCX Microsoft PowerPoint - FacilitatorGuide Seawater samples were also taken from four sampling points of surrounding port water using Niskin water sampler. Approximately 1400 bp nucleotide sequences of 16S rRNA gene and 1100 bp nucleotide sequences of gyrB genes of S. algae ballast water isolates were used for phylogenetic analyses. The organism was motile and produced hydrogen sulfide on triple sugar iron agar. Primary. . Shewanella putrefaciens is a metal reducing, facilitate anaerobe and this quality contributes to its ability to be used in biotechnology. The concern about the transmission of potentially pathogenic bacteria through ballast water began in 1992, when the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of the USA detected Vibrio cholerae in shellfish collected from ballast tanks of cargo ships that had come from South America [2]. Since bacterial species may also be introduced to every marine environment in many ways and may be present in polluted environment, we cannot clearly conclude that the presence of S. algae in the local water is due to the release of ballast water. Shewanella spp. Summary of biochemical characteristics of Shewanella algae and Shewanella putrefaciens (type strains and results taken from different studies [32, 34-36, 50, 56, 66]) . Accessibility There are approximately 30 Shewanella strains; however, infections in humans are mainly caused by S. algae and S .
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