Article Above 33 KV. Thank you for visiting nature.com. Malagoli, C., Fabbi, S., Teggi, S., Calzari, M., Poli, M. & Ballotti, E. et al. and M.B. Slusky, D. A., Does, M., Metayer, C., Mezei, G., Selvin, S. & Buffler, P. A. On Child Leukemia, Wertheimer and Leeper published a study in 1979 claiming that childhood leukemia was higher in households located near electric power lines. There are many unresolved issues regarding the association between childhood leukaemia risk and distance from overhead power lines that are difficult to resolve in any single study. Get real in individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis: a review of the methodology. After having the EMF checked, here is a quick guide that you may want to follow: 133 kV - at least 100 feet away. 37, 614619 (2007). Bunch, K. J., Keegan, T. J., Swanson, J., Vincent, T. J. Cancer Prev. J. Sometimes they are carried on wood poles. single cable: the three cores are twisted round each other in a single outer sheath. We did not confirm a sharp monotonic decline in the association in more recent decades as was suggested by a UK study12 with some support from the Danish study13. I found out that the grass within the wind farms were shorter than the grass outside. If the association were real, one would expect it to be stronger when data with problematic geocoding are excluded from the analysis. 1. (Always free shipping over $30.). If you are concerned about arcing from the lines, you would be safe standing on the ground directly under transmission lines. We found no evidence for bias as a potential explanation and in particular, we only included record-based studies, making selection bias unlikely. Wertheimer, N. & Leeper, E. Electrical wiring configurations and childhood cancer. These organizations have concluded that low-level electric and magnetic fields, like . Results were similar when distance of 600m was used as reference (data not shown). A previous analysis of the US data23 found that SES, as an individual or ecological measure, was not clearly associated with the risk of childhood leukaemia or its major subtypes. "There are no negative effects from electric fields or magnetic fields". ELF fields get weaker with distance. We examined the effects of confounder adjustments on risk estimates. 3.7 Meter. Use Code: JBEATEMF for 5% off. Due to small numbers, it is difficult to explore this further even in this pooled analysis. Residential traffic exposure and childhood leukemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The odds ratio was higher among children diagnosed before age 5 years. Residential mobility can manifest as selection bias, confounding or increased measurement error, or it could also be a potential risk factor33. Furthermore, although we included only record-based studies, which are less prone to bias, our results are somewhat weaker and less precise than that of previous MF pooled analyses, again arguing against MF as an explanation. Childhood leukemia and personal monitoring of residential exposures to electric and magnetic fields in Ontario, Canada. Analyses were conducted using SAS 9.3 and Stata 14.2. Imagine eating a hamburger sourced from a diseased cow sick because it was exposed to radiation or consuming mutated vegetables caused by cellular alteration. Burgi, A., Sagar, S., Struchen, B., Joss, S. & Roosli, M. Exposure modelling of extremely low-frequency magnetic fields from overhead power lines and its validation by measurements. J. Environ. This work was supported by the Electric Power Research Institute. Several studies have reported associations between childhood leukaemia and traffic density, proximity to major roads or highways, or exposure to air pollutants caused by traffic. Similar fields can be found close to . J. PowerWatch approximates that to drop below 2mG, one should be ~150 meters away from the strongest 400 kV lines as opposed to only ~15 . & Heikkila, K. V. et al. Use the Previous and Next buttons to navigate three slides at a time, or the slide dot buttons at the end to jump three slides at a time. Reassuringly, results of one-stage and two-stage analysis approaches were similar. Int. To obtain This cannot be predicted accurately. As a result, the workforce will be greatly impacted with more and more people developing chronic illnesses and depression, leading to more sick days and slashed productivity. An analytical . Indeed, Poole et al.22 argues that individual measures of SES often come from casecontrol studies requiring participation, whereas ecological measures often come from record-based studies less prone to this bias. Residential proximity to heavy-traffic roads, benzene exposure, and childhood leukemiathe GEOCAP Study, 20022007. Article As discussed above, most countries that have electricity transport it through overhead lines at various voltages. This study found a relationship between the rate of depression and exposure to power lines. J. Radiol. One of the issues over living close to power lines is that a study in 2002 by the International Agency for Research on Cancer ( IARC) looked at the evidence as to whether living close to electricity power lines would cause cancer. However, they were imprecisely estimated, with no apparent trend, and the 19601980 period was based on small numbers (TableS2). To focus on populations with higher exposure prevalence, some studies (Norway and Sweden) captured data from the time the child entered an area defined as homes within specified distances to overhead power lines. High MF can occur close (e.g., <100m) to high voltage power lines6. Table3 provides study-specific results and estimates from random effects meta-analysis model based on the two-stage approach. Cancer Prev. Excluding children with Down syndrome had no effect on the results (data not shown). We live way out in the country, so if our power goes out due to a fallen tree or other damage, it can take a day or two to get it restored. Today, AEP's 2,100-mile 765-kV network surpasses any other in the United States. Line conductor or bare live metalwork to any object that is normally accessible (including permanently mounted ladders and access platforms) or to any surface of a building. The primary analyses estimated risk of any type of childhood leukaemia associated with distance of residence from power lines and was restricted to participants who had study-defined accurate geocoding. This study . J. Epidemiol. Their study concentrates on improving their city in Algeria in addressing electromagnetic pollution by assessing power lines. Line passes above or adjacent to any building or part of a building. Many people are feeling hopeless, depressed, confused, isolatedjust overwhelmed. Langholz, B., Ebi, K. L., Thomas, D. C., Peters, J. M. & London, S. J. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, International Journal of Health Geographics (2019), British Journal of Cancer (Br J Cancer) It depends on what type of power line it is. Epidemiol. When the UK study, which generated the hypothesis of a temporal trend, was excluded from this analysis, ORs were elevated for all time periods in the <50m category. Sometimes, people just like the easy access to energy. Department of Epidemiology, University of California Los Angeles Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1772, USA, Aryana T Amoon,Megha Bhatnagar,Madhuri Sudan,Ximena Vergara&Leeka Kheifets, Department of Biostatistics, University of California Los Angeles Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1772, USA, Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Health and Social Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK, National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK, Epidemiology of Childhood and Adolescent Cancers, CRESS, INSERM, UMR 1153, Paris Descartes University, Villejuif, France, Jacqueline Clavel,Denis Hmon&Fabienne Marquant, National Registry of Childhood Cancers - Hematological Malignancies, Villejuif, France, The Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark, Christoffer Johansen,Camilla Pedersen&Ole Raaschou-Nielsen, Oncology Clinic, Finsen Center, Rigshospitalet 5073, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, Research Center of Environmental (CREAGEN), Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy, Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland, University of Basel, Petersgraben 1, Basel, Switzerland, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, 91766-1854, USA, Cancer Registry Unit, National Cancer Institute, Milan, 20133, Italy, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia, Royal Hobart Hospital, Hobart, TAS, Australia, Department of Occupational Health Surveillance, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway, Energy and Environment Sector, Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA, Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of So Paulo, So Paulo, 01246-904, Brazil, You can also search for this author in Depression from exposure to EMF from power lines was the focus of Verkasalo and his team from the University of Helsinki, Finland. If the reading is high, and youre already experiencing health concerns that may be related, it might be time to reconsider living near power lines. First, the pooled dataset is only as good as the underlying data. The maximum field under the line is the largest field, which is not necessarily on the route centreline; it is often under one of the conductor bundles. Childhood leukemia and magnetic fields in Japan: A case-control study of childhood leukemia and residential power-frequency magnetic fields in Japan. J. Epidemiol. 5. Amoon, A.T., Crespi, C.M., Ahlbom, A. et al. Analyses were adjusted for age at diagnosis, sex (except for France where a dummy variable was used) and SES (either individual or ecological, depending on availability), all of which were coded as categorical variables. These figures were calculated from one years worth of recorded load data and are the average for a representative sample of 43 different lines (a mixture of 275 kV and 400 kV). In practice, there are often several cables nearby, and the fields interact with each other. [Show full abstract] voltage power lines of 132 and 275 kV in Malaysia. One more story happened to the people I knew. Electric fields are produced by electric charges, and magnetic fields are produced by the flow of electrical current through wires or electrical devices. In measuring power line radiation levels, keep in mind that most high voltage transmission lines at 400kV typically exhibit less than 0.5 milligauss EMF at a distance of 200 meters. Nevertheless, the role of mobility in the studies of childhood leukaemia is not fully understood. countries, . Because of this, low frequency EMR is found in close proximity to electrical sources such as power lines. Thank you for helping keep Eng-Tips Forums free from inappropriate posts.The Eng-Tips staff will check this out and take appropriate action. 5. The main collaborators were Crosignani P., Borgini A., Bertoldi M., Codazzi T., Bianchi N., Rovelli A. and Porro E. The Norwegian study was conducted by the Cancer Registry of Norway and supported by the Research Council of Norway. We rely on the latest research and findings from national and international health authorities, including Health Canada and the World Health Organization when it comes to addressing concerns around safety and EMF. Can you relate? 132 kV overhead lines are usually carried on lattice steel pylons, but smaller than used for 275 kV and 400 kV lines. Blaasaas, K. G. & Tynes, T. Comparison of three different ways of measuring distances between residences and high voltage power lines. Table1 provides a list of the 13 studies meeting our inclusion criteria along with each studys characteristics and main results. These sources are: Home Sale Web Sites and Real Estate Agents Ann. Int. Learn more about me here. B., Agnew, D. A., Greenberg, M. L., Li, J. Studies included cases diagnosed as early as 1960s and as late as 2014; a larger percentage of cases and controls came from the time periods between 2000 and 2015, as shown in Fig. Google Scholar. Leeka Kheifets. CAS Although exposure misclassification is likely to be present, the risk of bias due to distance misclassification is quite small. Sometimes, a 132 kV circuit could be carried on a line designed for 275 kV or 400 kV. & Riley, R. D. Meta-analysis using individual participant data: one-stage and two-stage approaches, and why they may differ. Perinat. Brazil obtained some of their data through interviews (however, data included in our main analysis were records based) and therefore the data on mobility were prone to non-responder bias (9.5% of cases and 12% of controls refused participation). * typical fields from this line do not reach this value anywhere, A report from the Netherlands* calculated the equivalent distance for fields from overhead lines at 50 kV up to 380 kV to fall the various values. I am now 70 but I have had 7 different cancers. 550 - at least 350 feet away. Cancer 83, 692698 (2000). Certified EMF Expert, Chief Editor & Researcher at Beat EMF. Further, adjusting for SES did not alter the associations whether ecological or individual measures of SES were used. Mizoue, T., Onoe, Y., Moritake, H., Okamura, J., Sokejima, S. & Nitta, H. Residential proximity to high-voltage power lines and risk of childhood hematological malignancies. Adam, M., Kuehni, C. E., Spoerri, A., Schmidlin, K., Gumy-Pause, F. & Brazzola, P. et al. Mercury rectifiers work with a pool of mercury and a rarefied atmosphere in which the arcs burn. Bianchi, N., Crosignani, P., Rovelli, A., Tittarelli, A., Carnelli, C. A. Of course, the former depends on the pattern of movement of the family between pregnancy and diagnosis. Br J Cancer 119, 364373 (2018). 3.0 Meter. There was no material association between childhood leukaemia and distance to nearest overhead power line of any voltage. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Internet Explorer). EMF measurement and commercial services; Article Some studies identified observations with poor geocoding accuracy and excluded them from analyses. We conducted a pooled analysis assessing proximity to overhead power lines and its association with childhood leukaemia using individual-level data from 11 casecontrol studies. Already a member? This study involved close to 30000 matched case-control pairs of . Cancer 110, 14021408 (2014). The strength of the electromagnetic field, particularly its magnetic strength, in relation to where you live is whats essential. This type of electronic pollution is a very important one to investigate before committing to ANY property regardless if it is positioned near high voltage power lines or the 'everyday' street power lines running up and down most streets. Then the magnetic fields could be larger than shown here. 132 kV lines come in various designs. Table 2: Minimum safety clearance distances for buildings from the nearest conductor on distribution lines at maximum swing and sag (in metres) Voltage. Asian Pac. 15 metres. We found virtually no increase in risk of leukaemia among children who lived within any distance (including<50m) to power lines of all voltages combined. Media stories about microshocks in childrens playground, What this site covers and what it doesnt. J. Epidemiol. We used controls matched to cases of other cancers (central nervous system tumours, lymphoma and other cancers) and conducted an analysis combining all alternative controls. The study was approved by University of California, Los Angeles Office of the Human Research Protection Program. Eight studies were excluded; reasons for their exclusion are provided in the appendix (TableS1)52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59. Verkasalo, P. K., Pukkala, E., Hongisto, M. Y., Valjus, J. E., Jarvinen, P. J. London, S. J., Thomas, D. C., Bowman, J. D., Sobel, E., Cheng, T. C. & Peters, J. M. Exposure to residential electric and magnetic fields and risk of childhood leukemia. 3. M.V. Some studies identified subjects with poor geocoding accuracy and excluded them from analysis. Study participants often differ in SES and other factors from non-participants, possibly resulting in selection bias25,26,27, but this is less of an issue in the record-based studies that comprise this analysis, which do not require active participation. Cancer Prev. They don't carry scammy harmonizers, pendants, and other iffy products. Results were broadly similar for controls for other cancer types (TableS5). EMR associated with power lines is a type of low frequency non-ionizing radiation. Res. ), * Kelfkens et al, Costs and benefits of the reduction of magnetic fields due to overhead power lines. Then the electric fields could be larger than shown here. Res. Perhaps I wasn't clear enough. Among children living <50m from 200+kV power lines, the adjusted odds ratio for childhood leukaemia was 1.33 (95% CI: 0.921.93). Because these fields are calculated from actual load data, they reflect the actual degree of unbalance between the two circuits of a transmission line. IMHO someone took the statistical data of population living near HV/EHV power lines (that means in most of cases in industrial areas or in big cities, thus inherently including hundreds of other risk factors ); nor physics neither medical theories, just statistics. Exposure to motor vehicle exhaust and childhood cancer. We did not find any association between childhood leukaemia and urban vs. rural, type of dwelling, traffic density or SES in this set of studies. Crude ORs and ORs adjusted for age, sex and SES were virtually the same. PubMed J. Epidemiol. (132 kV) Maximum field (under line) Typical field (under line) Typical field (25 m to side) 40 0.5 - 2 0.05-0.2: . The safe distance from an EMF source is defined as the distance needed to drop human exposure below a certain safety level. Thus, although we did not confirm the UK finding, excluding the United Kingdom, there is only a slight suggestion of higher risk in the earliest period; all estimates are too imprecise to draw firm conclusions either way. It's what in it that counts. Im in charge of testing all the products and sorting through the duds to deliver effective EMF solutions for your family. I cant even imagine. We used tighter distance intervals compared with the UK study closest distance of <200m, which spans three of our distance categories. 40, 144147 (1998). Power lines are beneficial in transporting the energy we all need. Confounders examined included residential mobility (moving between the time of birth and diagnosis) for five studies, type of dwelling (single-family home or other) for four studies, traffic exposure (high, medium or low) for four studies, urban vs. rural setting for seven studies, ecological measures of SES for six studies, individual measures of SES for five studies and MF for eight studies. This, in turn, is directed to power distribution centers and then to consumers via power lines. Electrocution and Fire. M.F. & Villeneuve, P. J. et al. The Controversy Over Whether It Is Safe To Live Near High Power Lines. Its nominal voltage and power ratings are 132 kV and 293 MVA respectively . Sohrabi, M. R., Tarjoman, T., Abadi, A. & Yavari, P. Living near overhead high voltage transmission power lines as a risk factor for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a case-control study. did the analyses and drafted the manuscript. Residential exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields and risk of childhood leukaemia, CNS tumour and lymphoma in Denmark. The Tasmanian study was partly supported by the David Collins Leukaemia Foundation, the Clifford Craig Medical Research Trust and the Royal Hobart Hospital Medical Research Foundation. Childhood leukaemia close to high-voltage power linesthe Geocap study, 20022007. In between these: if you live near an intermediate-voltage line (say 132 kV on medium lattice pylons), the distances will be reduced - perhaps 0.4 T within a few tens of metres. 132 kV 132 kV overhead lines are usually carried on lattice steel pylons, but smaller than used for 275 kV and 400 kV lines. CRC Press, USA, 2014). Adjustment for mobility, which was associated with leukaemia risk (TableS3), did not affect the risk estimates either (Table5). Call before you dig 5. Unlike MF, there has not yet been a comprehensive pooled analysis on childhood leukaemia and distance to power lines, which could help to answer this question.
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