When mixed with diethylene glycol, they become deadly. The first one was ethyl cellosolve (ethylene glycol monoethyl ether), with the name now generic[citation needed] for glycol ethers. It also includes drugs which are marketed as cough suppressants or antitussives, but their effectiveness in reducing cough symptoms is unclear or minimal. MEGlobal | Home Number 1019768, Other factors considered in the selection of the appropriate suspending or viscosity enhancing agents include desired rheological property, suspending ability in the system, pH stability, chemical compatibility with drug substance and other excipients, reproducibility, hydration time, and cost. DDA steps up surveillance to prevent the import of deadly cough [8] Many of the adulterated wines were found to originate in Wagram in Lower Austria, where a consulting wine chemist was prosecuted. Alcohol USP contains ethanol, C2H5OH, not less than 92.3% and not more than 93.8%, by weight, which corresponds to not less than 94.9% and not more than 96.0%, by volume. Glycol Answered: Six questions about cough syrup deaths linked to Glycol ethers [12][2] There is not enough evidence to make recommendations for those who have a cough in cancer. It is an In 2003, several small producers of Jinhua hams (from Jinhua, Zhejiang) operated out of season and produced hams during warmer months, treating their hams with pesticides to prevent spoilage and insect infestation. These excipients in most cases are present in a greater proportion with regards to the drug substance as it forms the bulk of the formulation. [11], A stricter wine law was enacted by the Parliament of Austria on August 29, 1985. It can be a contaminant in consumer products; this has resulted in Polyester of diglycolic acid and propylene glycol containing ethylene glycol monobutyl ether as a chain stopper Polyester resins (including alkyd type), as the basic polymer, formed as esters when one or more of the following acids are made to react with one or more of the following alcohols: Vehicles used in the formulation of liquid dosage forms may be aqueous (e.g., water, polyhydric alcohols, hydro-alcoholic solutions and buffers) or oily (e.g., vegetable or mineral oils, organic oily bases, emulsified bases etc). [citation needed] In 2016, it was one of the biggest selling branded over-the-counter medications sold in Great Britain, with sales of 34.4 million. [1] Some cough medicines may be no more effective than placebos for acute coughs in adults, including coughs related to upper respiratory tract infections. Also employed are various substances supposed to soften the coughing, like honey or supplement syrup. PEG 400 is a liquid at room temperature, and it is the most common polyethylene glycol used in drug product formulations. Ethylene glycol About MEGlobal If the address matches a valid account an email will be sent to __email__ with instructions for resetting your password Alcohol frequently referred to as ethyl alcohol or ethanol is the most commonly used solvent in liquid pharmaceutical formulation next to water. They are generally considered safer to use, as propylene glycol is not as palatable[note 1] and is converted in the body to lactic acid, a normal product of metabolism and exercise. MEGlobal today announced that its Asian Contract Price (ACP) for monoethylene glycol (MEG) will be US$900/MT CFR Asian main ports for arrival December 2021. [1], From mid-July onwards, it was almost impossible to sell Austrian wine on any export market. [27] Similarly, a 2014 systematic review showed that garlic may prevent occurrences of the common cold but there was insufficient evidence of garlic in treating the common cold and studies reported adverse effects of a rash and odour. 4 Indian Cough Syrups Banned by WHO Contain This Toxic [13] Thus, the legal status of the blacklist was a crucial element in the many contract disputes. [8] Having seen the immediate collapse of wine exports, the Austrian government rushed this legislation through parliament in order for it to be in effect before the 1985 harvest. A number of other commercially available cough treatments have not been shown to be effective in viral upper respiratory infections. Industrial-grade propylene glycol usually has a slightly bitter or acrid taste due to impurities. [43] In 2022, the deaths of 66 children in The Gambia were linked to four pediatric cough syrup medications that contained diethylene glycol and ethylene glycol. Pieroth fought a legal action in the administrative courts in order to try to establish that the Federal Minister for Youth, Family and Health, Heiner Geiler (CDU) had exceeded his authority when his ministry had issued a blacklist containing all wines that had been found to contain DEG, and naming the bottler in each case. Examples are. For more information on the company, visit www.meglobal.biz. It is a clear, colourless, mobile, and volatile liquid with a slight, characteristic odour and burning taste. [32], Australia, the UK, and seventeen US states (as of 2012) require the addition of a bitter flavoring (denatonium benzoate) to antifreeze. Diethylene Glycol or Ethylene Glycol is considered toxic for human body. Ethylene oxide is an organic compound with the formula C 2 H 4 O.It is a cyclic ether and the simplest epoxide: a three-membered ring consisting of one oxygen atom and two carbon atoms. [31], Cough medicines, especially those containing dextromethorphan and codeine, are often abused as recreational drugs. Et2O) gives the corresponding a 1,3-dioxolane, which is resistant to bases and other nucleophiles. Polyester of diglycolic acid and propylene glycol containing ethylene glycol monobutyl ether as a chain stopper Polyester resins (including alkyd type), as the basic polymer, formed as esters when one or more of the following acids are made to react with one or more of the following alcohols: Like glycerin and propylene glycol, PEG 400 is miscible with water and alcohol. [25] The FDA in 2015 warned that the use of codeine-containing cough medication in children may cause breathing problems. According to WHO, laboratory analysis of the syrups confirmed unacceptable amounts of Diethylene Glycol and When mixed with diethylene glycol, they become deadly. The differences between additives for fracking in different countries are the type of chemicals used (hazardous, non-hazardous), the disclosure of chemicals and the composition of fracturing fluid. DEG is a widely used solvent. [29], Antifreeze products for automotive use containing propylene glycol in place of ethylene glycol are available. Building 5W-B-Wing, Office 637 However, in one record-setting wine (a 1981 Welschriesling Beerenauslese from Burgenland) 48 grams per litre was detected, which meant that the consumption of a single bottle could have been lethal. Viscosity modifiers also known as suspending agents are excipients that minimize interparticle attraction and aggregation by functioning as energy barrier thus retarding particle settling. Glycol Under alkaline conditions, it is generally regarded that microbial growth is insignificant and at these pH values, the need for a preservative is not generally recommended. Typically, e-series glycol ethers are found in pharmaceuticals, sunscreens, cosmetics, inks, dyes and water-based paints, while p-series glycol ethers are used in degreasers, cleaners, aerosol paints and adhesives. Ethylene oxide is an organic compound with the formula C 2 H 4 O.It is a cyclic ether and the simplest epoxide: a three-membered ring consisting of one oxygen atom and two carbon atoms. These solvents typically have a higher boiling point, together with the favorable solvent properties of lower-molecular weight ethers and alcohols. Diethylene glycol and ethylene glycol are used as antifreeze, brake fluids, and other industrial applications, but also as a cheaper alternative in some pharmaceutical products to glycerine, a solvent or thickening agent in many cough syrups, according to a Reuters report. MANUFACTURING PROCESS: It enters the environment through the dispersal of ethylene glycol-containing products, especially at airports, where it is used in de-icing agents for runways and airplanes. Therefore, the use of preservatives becomes unavoidable in such cases to prevent the growth of microorganisms during production and over storage time. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Copyright 2022 Pharmapproach Limited. The glycerol backbone is found in lipids known as glycerides.Because it has antimicrobial and antiviral properties, it is widely used in FDA approved wound and burn treatments. [35] While prolonged low doses of ethylene glycol show no toxicity, at near lethal doses (1000mg/kg per day) ethylene glycol acts as a teratogen. [24] In light of these findings, the Cochrane study they found honey was better than no treatment, placebo, or diphenhydramine but not better than dextromethorphan for relieving cough symptoms. This was quickly realized not to be true as heroin readily breaks down into morphine in the body. [4][5] One version with codeine, guaifenesin, and pseudoephedrine was the 213th most commonly prescribed medication in 2017, in the United States, with more than two million prescriptions. It is a triol alcohol without the central nervous system depressant activity of ethanol. Some countries like Switzerland and France confiscated thousands of bottles, and Japan introduced a ban on the import and sale of all Austrian wines on July 29, 1985, and in many other countries Austrian wines were removed from shelves by wine dealers. The affected wines were immediately withdrawn from the market. Ethylene glycol (IUPAC name: ethane-1,2-diol) is an organic compound (a vicinal diol) with the formula (CH 2 OH) 2.It is mainly used for two purposes, as a raw material in the manufacture of polyester fibers and for antifreeze formulations. Ethylene oxide is an organic compound with the formula C 2 H 4 O.It is a cyclic ether and the simplest epoxide: a three-membered ring consisting of one oxygen atom and two carbon atoms. Diethylene Glycol PO BOX 293615, Product, Applications and Technical information, Product, Applications and Technical Information. Later symptoms may include a decreased level of consciousness, headache, and seizures. [46], Medication taken to relieve cold symptoms, "NyQuil" and "DayQuil" redirect here. MANUFACTURING PROCESS: Other applications of DEGBE are as a dispersant for vinyl chloride resins in organosols, a diluent for hydraulic brake fluids, and a mutual solvent for soap, oil, and water in household cleaners. It is a colorless, practically odorless, and hygroscopic liquid with a sweetish taste. [1][2][3], While they have been used by 10% of American children in any given week, they are not recommended in Canada or the United States in children six years or younger because of lack of evidence showing effect and concerns of harm. Medical Product Alert N6/2022: Substandard (contaminated) For more information on the company, visit www.meglobal.biz. A 2007 review states that, "alternative therapies (i.e., Echinacea, vitamin C, and zinc) are not recommended for treating common cold symptoms; however,Vitamin C prophylaxis may modestly reduce the duration and severity of the common cold in the general population and may reduce the incidence of the illness in persons exposed to physical and environmental stresses. Food safety incidents in 2003 Poisonous Jinhua ham. DEGBE is also used as coupling solvent in liquid cleaners, cutting fluids, and textile auxiliaries. The World Health Organisation (WHO) on Wednesday issued an alert over four cough syrups manufactured by an Indian drugmaker, claiming that the deaths of 66 young children in Africas Gambia may be linked to contaminated cough and cold syrups.. Microbial contamination presents a significant health hazard in aqueous-based liquid dosage forms. In 2007, when diethylene glycol was found to be used in fake Colgate toothpaste in the US, Reuters reported that it is used sometimes illegally as a sweetener or thickening agent. Diethylene Glycol The water-to-glycol mixture typically contains 38 to 45 percent water. Glycol Ether & Solvents Selection Guide When consumed, it can result in kidney and neurological toxicity. Cough syrup is designed to be stored at room temperature and its properties can change when it is heated, making it potentially deadly. It used to determine the saponification values of oils and as a neutral solvent for mineral oil-soap and mineral oil-sulfated oil mixtures (giving fine dispersions in water) This coupling ability can help enhance Used Long term outcomes may include kidney failure and brain damage. Early symptoms include intoxication, vomiting and abdominal pain. One study suggests that occupational exposure to glycol ethers is related to low motile sperm count,[3] a finding disputed by the chemical industry. [28] Therefore, more research need to be done to prove that the benefits out weight the harms. Much stricter wine laws were also enacted by Austria. [35] It was, at the time, believed to be a non-addictive alternative to other opiate-containing cough syrups. It is used as a primary solvent for many organic compounds. Medical Product Alert N6/2022: Substandard (contaminated) Dubai, U.A.E. November 16, 2021 12th ed. Diethylene glycol and ethylene glycol are toxic to humans when consumed and can prove fatal. Read Also: Excipients Used In the Manufacture of Tablets. The differences between additives for fracking in different countries are the type of chemicals used (hazardous, non-hazardous), the disclosure of chemicals and the composition of fracturing fluid. Water used for compounding oral solutions and the reconstitution of oral suspensions must meet official standards. [32][33] Abuse may result in hallucinations, loss of consciousness and death. The short-term effect of the scandal was a complete collapse of Austrian wine exports and a total loss of reputation of the entire Austrian wine industry, with significant adverse effects on the reputation of German wines as well. Glycol ethers are a group of solvents based on alkyl ethers of ethylene glycol or propylene glycol commonly used in paints and cleaners. They work by reducing the interfacial tension between predominantly aqueous solutions and hydrophobic solutes. About MEGlobal Food safety incidents in 2003 Poisonous Jinhua ham. MEGlobal today announced that its Asian Contract Price (ACP) for monoethylene glycol (MEG) will be US$850/MT CFR Asian main ports for arrival January 2022. Toxic effects can include abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhoea, inability to pass urine, headache, altered mental state, and acute kidney injury which may lead to death. stable for the shelf-life of the product. Diethylene glycol butyl ether (2-(2-Butoxyethoxy)ethanol) is an organic compound, one of several glycol ether solvents. [4], DEG was otherwise used as an industrial chemical or as antifreeze, although ethylene glycol is more common for that application. In 2010, Halliburton announced the creation of food additive based hydraulic fracturing fluid in response to calls for transparency and demand for a "more environmentally friendly" [44][45], In 2022, the Food and Drug Administration issued a warning against cooking foods in cough syrup, after a video of someone preparing NyQuil chicken became popular on social media. Medical Product Alert N6/2022 Among these, the most commonly used ones are the anionic and non-ionic surfactants. [3], In West Germany, following a lengthy investigation, six former leading employees of the wholesale dealer and bottler Pieroth were sentenced to fines of one million Deutsche Marks by the Landgericht in Koblenz in April 1996. [28] Several deaths are recorded annually in the U.S. It is a colorless, practically odorless, and hygroscopic liquid with a sweetish taste. Ethylene oxide Examples of surfactants used in pharmaceutical liquid dosage forms are shown in the table below. 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