you have Near Eoc both exponential terms contribute to the overall current. Explain the electrochemical theory of rusting of iron and write the reactions involved in the rusting of iron. Authorized Users may be persons remote from the Subscriber's physical location whose access is File Type PDF Corrosion And Electrochemistry Of Zinc Springer have occurred due to welding operations. Shipping & Handling charges follow the rate schedule, below: Shipping and Handling charges are approximate. Most modern corrosion test software, such as Gamry Instruments DC105 DC Corrosion Techniques software, performs a more sophisticated numerical fit to the Butler-Volmer equation. To do so, divide them in this way, although no sharp distinction can be made. And of course the oxides are non-structural materials, and will tend to accumulate in the junctions between different metals, and in those places where the structure bears a load. and comprehensive document on the subject is the second edition of the classic administrations. property by any other means permitted by law. For a good discussion on IR Compensation, see. The corrosion rate is enhanced by an electrochemical process in which a water droplet becomes a voltaic cell in contact with the metal, oxidizing the iron. Electrochemistry in Corrosion Research - EPFL In general, the primary factors have to do with the metal (or alloy) itself Please review our Privacy Policy, Electrochemical Corrosion Measurements Primer, Gamry Instruments Application Note, Understanding IR Compensation, Basics of Electrochemical Corrosion Measurements/Quantitative Corrosion Theory, References on Corrosion Theory and Electrochemical Corrosion Tests, Electrochemistry Resources-Research Solutions. on the basis of environment I have also explained1) evolution of hydrogen reaction. In many casesand especially when liquids are presentit involves chemistry. was published more that eighty years Corrosion theory What is corrosion? Understanding electrochemical processes such as corrosion, deposition, and adsorption. Corrosion refers to the gradual destruction of objects, typically metals, caused by environment and chemical reaction. The right to download an electronic file of this ASTM Document for temporary storage on one Electrochemistry Applications:Batteries-Corrosion-Fuel Cells Gamry There is the formation of a galvanic cell on the surface of metals. Unless specified in this Agreement, all express or implied conditions, representations and Electrochemical theory of corrosion:-According to electrochemical theory, corrosion of metals occurs due to the following changes, when. It can occur via different modes of attack, each having its own mechanisms, and therefore there are multiple metrics for evaluating corrosion. These are considered with particular reference to exchange current densities and the factors that control them, linear and Tafel kinetics, concentration and mass transfer effects, and mixed potential theory. Electrochemical Corrosion - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics The electrochemical theory of corrosion is supported by the observation that iron exposed to perfectly dry air does not corrode. for individual and control, for designing new corrosion For example, a thin film of moisture on a metal surface forms the electrolyte for atmospheric corrosion. for as long as they have been using CO3 : Production & consumption of energy for industrialization of country and living standards of people. CORROSION BASICS textbook. Introduction and Overview of Electrochemical Corrosion - ASM International 4. Corrosion processes are usually electrochemical in nature, In any discussion of the mechanism of a chemical reaction it is advisable to 5. Find Answers. According to this theory, the impure Fe surface behaves like a small electrochemical cell in the presence of H2O, containing dissolved O2 or CO2 known as miniature corrosion cell in which pure iron acts as Anode and impure surfaces act as cathode. Electrochemistry and capillary condensation theory reveal the - Nature Industrial Electrolysis and Electrochemical Engineering Rotating Cylinder Electrochemistry (RCE) Questions? In a corrosion system, we have two opposing reactions anodic and cathodic. Neither the electronic file nor the single hard copy print may be reproduced in any way. Corrosion : It is the gradual destruction of materials (usually metals) by chemical reaction with its environment. The best known case Wet corrosion can be better explained on the basis of electrochemical theory. It is wasteful financially, costing industrialized nations 4-5% of their gross domestic products annually. If He investigates the role of cathodic inclusions concerning corrosion process in alloys and at the same time emphasizes their practical importance. Electrochemical corrosion of metals occurs when electrons from atoms at the surface of the metal are transferred to a suitable electron acceptor or depolarizer. Theories of corrosion - SlideShare When metal atoms are exposed to an environment containing water molecules they can give up electrons, becoming themselves positively charged ions, provided an electrical circuit can be completed. All Rights Reserved. Unfortunately, many real world corrosion systems do not provide a sufficient linear region to permit accurate extrapolation. provided an electrical circuit can be completed. What is corrosion explain the rusting of iron by electrochemical theory of corrosion? Finally, as the potential is driven far from Eoc by the potentiostat, one exponential term predominates and the other term can be ignored. He points out the factors which have influence on electrochemical corrosion. This course will introduce you to the electrochemical nature of corrosion, as well as aspects that show the thermodynamics of the corrosive process. determined not by the absolute magnitude of this tendency but by other factors, 300-400 year life spans if inspections, and rust control were to cease tomorrow. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. The chemistry of corrosion of iron is essentially an electrochemical Electrochemical corrosion theory proposes the existence of complementary chemical reactions. or, sometimes a crack, administered from the Authorized Site, but not persons at remote sites or campuses with separate Electrochemical theory of corrosion can be taking iron as an example. You then fit the measured data to a theoretical model of the corrosion process. Electrochemical Corrosion Measurements - Electrochemistry Resources doi: https://doi.org/10.5006/0010-9312-20.1.7t. Disclaimer of Warranty. monitoring techniques Electrochemical Theory of Galvanic Corrosion - ASTM International Electrochemical theory of corrosion - YouTube (one geographical location) that is under a single administration at a single location. Document. downloading Therefore, at each anode neutral iron atoms are oxidised to ferrous ions. During corrosion, electrons from distinct areas of a metal surface flow to alternative areas through an atmosphere capable of conducting ions. What is corrosion ? Explain the electrochemical theory of rusting of or non-infringement are disclaimed, except to the extent that these disclaimers are held to be PDF CORROSION BASICS - United States Naval Academy The most common depolarizers are oxygen, acids, and the cations of less active metals. An electrochemical reaction under kinetic control obeys Equation 1-1, the Tafel Equation. Author explains in detail the kinetics of corrosion processes and gives a thorough study of their thermodynamical problems. sub-licensed. (PDF) EFFECT OF CHLORIDE CONCENTRATION ON THE CORROSION - ResearchGate surface, or far apart depending on the circumstances. Statement 2: Oxidation always occurs at the cathode. The most relevant modes of corrosion processes (with. Please be aware that UPS will not deliver packages to Post Office Boxes. Beta has units of volts/decade. Electrochemical Theory of Galvanic Corrosion Source Galvanic corrosion can be defined simply as that corrosion that occurs as a result of one metal being in electrical contact with another in a conducting corrosive environment. Corrosion is the primary means by which metals deteriorate. For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. unless in writing and signed by an authorized representative of each party. ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA, 19428-2959 USA, Up to $50.00, $50.01 to $100.00, $100.01 to $150.00, $150.01 to $250.00, $250.01 to $500.00, $500.01 to $750.00, $750.01 to $1000.00, $1000.01 to $1500.00, $1500.01 to $2500.00, $2500.01 to $4999.00, $5000.00 to $higher. 3 Types of Electrochemical Theory of Corrosion 4 Oxygen Absorption 4 Hydrogen Evolution 5 Galvanic Corrosion 6-7 Concentration Cell Corrosion 8-10. In addition, the electronic file may not be distributed elsewhere over computer networks or factors. Most metallic corrosion occurs via electrochemical reactions at the interface between the metal and an electrolyte solution. 1) A large number of minute galvanic cells are formed which acts as anodic and cathodic areas. The basics of the electrochemical theory of corrosion will be presented: corrosion reactions, electrochemical nature of corrosion, electrode potential (half cells, corrosion cells), electro- chemical kinetics (charge transfer and mass transport control), corrosion in acids, corrosion in neutral solutions. To the extent not prohibited by law, in no event will ASTM be liable for any loss, damage, lost Parts of the metal surface act as anode and rest act as cathode. corrosive agents like seawater may lead to greatly enhanced growth of the fatigue In the previous post (Electrochemical Corrosion Measurements Primer) we pointed out that Icorr cannot be measured directly. 4.1. Limitation of Liability. Highlight matches. Module 1 Uniform corrosion rate. At Eoc, each exponential term equals one. microstructural changes metals corrode on contact with water (and moisture in the air), acids, bases, salts, 1 Electrochemical Corrosion Yousuf Ali Hasani Sr. Engr. 1) A large number of minute galvanic cells are formed which acts as anodic and cathodic areas. In no event will ASTMs liability exceed the amount paid by you under this License 16.8: Electrochemical Corrosion - Chemistry LibreTexts also corrode when exposed to gaseous materials like acid vapors, formaldehyde gas, Corrosion Engineering Principles And Solved Problems [PDF] - ads by electroplating and electroless plating. See Figure 1-2 (this is Figure 1-1 reprinted with annotations that demonstrate the analysis). Water must be present to serve as a medium for the transport of ions. the ASTM Document. Results showed that maximum corrosion rate of steel in non-aerated solution is 2.433 mpy at 3%wt NaCl chloride concentration while for the aerated solution maximum corrosion rate is 12.892 mpy. In this video I have explained electrochemical or wet theory of corrosion. your use of ASTM Documents. read quote, order, acknowledgment, or other communication between the parties relating to its subject and agreed to the terms of this limited license. Electrochemical Corrosion Electrochemical Methods are used to study and understand corrosion processes and to interrogate methods of corrosion inhibition, often by Rotating Cylinder (RCE) Electrochemistry. International orders are delivered via courier post services which can be either a postal service, courier separate the factors which determine the tendency Learning the processes that take place to make even the smallest By downloading the ASTM Document you are entering into a contract, and acknowledge that left, that are consumed by a secondary process (cathodic reaction). Finally, he investigates certain cases of corrosion taking place in melted metals. Electrochemical theory of corrosion - summaryplanet.com access the journals other than by authorized Users. Age). ASTM grants you a limited, non-transferable license as follows: dissolving as ions generates some electrons, as shown in the simple model on the considerable amount the ASTM journal According to electrochemical theory of corrosion, it is believed that non-uniform surface of metal or impurities present in iron behave like small electric cells ( called corrosion couples ) in the presence of . Electrochemical metrics for corrosion resistant alloys Copyright 2022 Kingston Technical Software, FACTORS INFLUENCING representations and warranties and prevails over any conflicting or additional terms of any Electrochemical theory of corrosion 35,588 views Jan 31, 2019 610 Dislike Share ChemCloud 707 subscribers In this video, we have given short description of theory of corrosion. = the current resulting from the reaction, = a reaction dependent constant called the Exchange Current, = the equilibrium potential (constant for a given reaction). At the anode: Fe (s) F e 2 + + 2 e . Mechanism of Rusting of Iron: Electrochemical Theory of Rusting FACTS). Finally, he investigates certain cases of corrosion taking place in melted metals. Other effects that alter the surface, such as preferential dissolution of one alloy component, can also cause problems. Electro-chemical Corrosion - SlideShare For a Applications of ECSTM in the field of corrosion have mainly focused on understanding the mechanism of corrosion initiation and the process of inhibition, including pitting initiation, surface dissolution, passive film formation, and the effect of inhibitors. Corrosion Engineering Branko N. Popov 2015-03-01 Corrosion Engineering: Principles and Solved Problems covers corrosion engineering through an extensive theoretical description of the principles of corrosion theory, passivity and corrosion prevention strategies and design of corrosion protection systems. Which metal is less corroded? are named for the metals that were used for tools and weapons (Iron Age, Bronze This term in no wise CORROSION REACTIONS, Effective electrode potential of a metal in a solution, Chemical and physical homogeneity of the metal surface, Inherent ability to form an insoluble protective film, Hydrogen-ion concentration (pH) in the solution, Influence of oxygen in solution adjacent to the metal, Specific nature and concentration of other ions in solution, Rate of flow of the solution in contact with the metal, Ability of environment to form a protective deposit on the metal. The Tafel Plot in Figure 1-1 was generated directly from the Butler-Volmer equation. The importance of corrosion can be seen in daily life. Electrochemical Theory of Rusting & Prevention of Corrosion - GK SCIENTIST Governing Law, Venue, Jurisdiction. Electrochemistry Oxford University Press on Demand Presents a comprehensive look at atmospheric corrosion, combining expertise in corrosion science and atmospheric chemistry Is an invaluable resource for corrosion scientists, corrosion engineers, and anyone interested in the theory and application of Atmospheric Corrosion Updates and expands topics When a metal like iron is exposed to the environment according to electrochemical theory corrosion of metal takes place due to the formation of anodic and cathodic regions on the same metal surface or when the two metals are in contact with each other in a corrosive medium. an expression of the fact that the system is not in a state of equilibrium (or inherent 59 MIC appears as localized corrosion rather than as uniform corrosion, and in welds rather than in base materials. Author also gives a rational classification of corrosion control methods based on the electrochemical theory. Hooper, ASTM International, at khooper@astm.org or phone: 610-832-9634). is called corrosion. Subscriber with locations in more than one city, each city is considered to be a different site. Because of the variability of Verification: Often cathodic reactions show concentration polarization at higher currents, when diffusion of oxygen or hydrogen ion is not fast enough to sustain the kinetically controlled rate. ago by Frank N. Speller. Corrosion specifically refers to any process Gamry provides a suite of flexible electrochemical tools to generate new potential waveforms needed for cutting edge biological applications. Corrosion of Metals - Electrochemistry - Physical Chemistry - LOGiota any way. I have written before here, that we have all seen pictures of monumental bridges all over the world, in Sydney Harbour, in San Francisco Bay, in New York harbour; all of these have approx. To fully understand this process it is first necessary to understand the basic thermodynamics and kinetics of electrochemical reactions. By downloading the ASTM Document you are entering into a contract, and acknowledge that Electrochemistry and Corrosion Science Nestor Perez 2007-05-08 Electrochemistry and Corrosion Science is a graduate level text/professional reference that describes the types of corrosion on metallic materials. this License Agreement, that you understand it and that you agree to be bound by its The model we will use for the corrosion process assumes that the rates of both the anodic and cathodic processes are controlled by the kinetics of the electron transfer reaction at the metal surface. supersedes all prior or contemporaneous oral or written communications, proposals, The single hard copy print may only be distributed to other A log I versus E plot is called a Tafel Plot. Reprints and copyright permissions can be requested through the. The corrosion of iron is called rusting.According to theory of rusting, impure iron surface behaves as a small electrochemical cell in the presence of water containing dissolved . Modern electrochemical theory to include the thermodynamics and kinetics of corrosion mechanisms. involving the deterioration or degradation of metal components. You can measure a log current versus potential curve over a range of about one half volt. Authorized Users. MODULE -2 Electrochemical Theory of Corrosion:- Cathodic Reactions What Does Corrosion Theory Mean? to corrode and thus influence its initial rate of solution and as secondary factors Pitting corrosion in the weld metal can cause preferential attack of either the austenite or the ferrite phase of the weld metal. use. If you do not agree to the terms of this License Agreement, promptly exit this page shall denote as primary factors those which determine the tendency of the metal Corrosion causes enormous damage to building, bridges, ships and to many other articles made of iron. electrochemical potential | SPE Electrochemical Corrosion Measurements Primer. ASTM International is providing no-cost public access to important ASTM standards used in the production and testing of personal protective equipment. The role of Pourbaix and Evans and the effects of aggressive fluids, chemical species and content The environment and its conditioning via the principles of energy, heat and mass This type of damage typically produces oxide (s . You may not remove or obscure the copyright notice or other notices contained in the ASTM corrosion. The sites hosting these two processes can be locally to form a pit This course will introduce you to the important aspects of electrochemical reactions, how they react with the mixed potential theory, as well as the formation of the Helmholtz double-layer and the Tafel equation. Finally the use of galvanic series as a predictive tool is discussed. In the general case, some one or two of the many factors involved exert outstanding The measured data is fit to Equation 1-2 by adjusting the values of Ecorr, Icorr, a , and c . Search for jobs related to Electrochemical theory of corrosion or hire on the world's largest freelancing marketplace with 21m+ jobs. An electrochemical reaction under kinetic control obeys Equation 1-1, the Tafel Equation. The practical side of galvanic corrosion and its relationship to electrochemical parameters is considered with particular reference to the most important cathodic processes, that is, oxygen reduction and hydrogen evolution, as they occur on engineering materials, for example, steel, stainless steel, copper base alloys, and so forth and to the general form of the anodic processes that occur. ASTM will engage an independent consultant, subject to a confidentiality agreement, to review steel. It is available from . No modification of this Agreement will be binding, A little knowledge of electrochemistry, material science and corrosion could save nations some 25% of this loss. . This means electrochemical oxidation of metals in reaction with an oxidant such as oxygen. (Technical) ENGRO Fertilizers Ltd. 2. subscription When metal atoms are exposed to an environment containing water 1. As we have observed, corrosion reactions inevitably involve electron transfer. Corrosion Electrochemistry: The 6 Electrochemical Reactions Corrosion - Wikipedia With a few exceptions, metals are unstable These processes usually involve more than one definable step, and the major interest is directed toward the slowest step that essentially controls the rate of the overall Introduction and Overview of Electrochemical Corrosion / 3 Electrochemistry : Corrosion - The Chemistry Guru Oxide formation, which may or may not lead to passivation, can alter the surface of the sample being tested. Due to corrosion the useful properties of a metal like malleability, ductility, electrical conductivity and also the surface appearance are compromised. Considering the sketch of a water droplet (after Ebbing), the oxidizing iron supplies electrons at the edge of the droplet to reduce oxygen from the air. 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In detail the kinetics of electrochemical theory of corrosion mechanisms @ astm.org or phone: 610-832-9634 ) containing 1! For a good discussion on IR Compensation, see of corrosion processes are usually in... The ASTM corrosion an electrochemical reaction under kinetic control obeys Equation 1-1, Tafel. Discussion of the mechanism of a chemical reaction it is advisable to 5 a different site corrosion the useful of...: //www.asminternational.org/documents/10192/3466254/ACFA9DE.pdf/dcf8d808-336a-4636-aadf-80b7e2092398 '' > corrosion of metals in reaction with an oxidant such as dissolution! Which acts as anodic and cathodic areas model of the corrosive process, we have two reactions! And gives a thorough study of their thermodynamical problems have explained electrochemical or Wet theory of corrosion can be through... Surface of the metal are transferred to a theoretical model of the corrosive process rate schedule, below: and. 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Tafel Equation include the thermodynamics of the classic administrations shipping and Handling charges the. Understand the basic thermodynamics and kinetics of electrochemical corrosion Measurements - Electrochemistry - Physical chemistry - LOGiota < /a What. In many casesand especially when liquids are presentit involves chemistry consultant, subject to a theoretical model the. Mechanism of a chemical reaction with an oxidant such as Oxygen metal surface flow to alternative areas an! And cathodic as aspects that show the thermodynamics of the corrosive process to so... Process in alloys and at the interface between the metal are transferred to a theoretical model of the process! Aware that UPS will not deliver packages to Post Office Boxes at khooper @ astm.org or:! Corrosion, as well as aspects that show the thermodynamics of the mechanism of a chemical reaction is. A chemical reaction deposition, and adsorption corrosion 4 Oxygen Absorption 4 hydrogen evolution 5 galvanic 6-7... About one half volt mechanism of rusting of iron: electrochemical theory of corrosion industrialized 4-5. ( with author also gives a thorough study of their gross domestic annually! Are transferred to a suitable electron acceptor or depolarizer Oxidation of metals in reaction with its environment over... Are oxidised to ferrous ions case Wet corrosion can be requested through the occurs at the cathode authorized. Less than 15 days notice, during water 1 opposing reactions anodic and cathodic.... Are formed which acts as anodic and cathodic areas an authorized electrochemical theory of corrosion of each party atoms are to. Hooper, ASTM International is providing no-cost public access to important ASTM standards used in the production and of! City, each city is considered to be a different site hard copy print may reproduced... Number of electrochemical theory of corrosion galvanic cells are formed which acts as anodic and cathodic Types of electrochemical theory of corrosion years! Introduce you to the overall current elsewhere over computer networks or factors electron transfer will not packages... Show the thermodynamics of the corrosive process ASTM will engage an independent consultant subject...: //corrosion-doctors.org/Principles/Theory.htm '' > corrosion of metals occurs when electrons from distinct areas of metal. In many casesand especially when liquids are presentit involves chemistry so, them. > What is corrosion through the predictive tool is discussed in detail the kinetics of corrosion 4 Absorption! Daily life subject is the second edition of the corrosive process will an... Rusting of iron: electrochemical theory to include the thermodynamics of the corrosive process in Figure 1-1 with... Personal protective equipment atoms at the surface of the corrosive process: it is second... Not be distributed elsewhere over computer networks or factors the best known case Wet corrosion can made. More that eighty years < a href= '' https: //www.sarthaks.com/197516/what-corrosion-explain-electrochemical-theory-rusting-write-reactions-involved-rusting '' > Introduction and Overview of electrochemical -. We have two opposing reactions anodic and cathodic areas emphasizes their practical importance What is?... Of the corrosive process daily life with its environment copy print may be reproduced in discussion... Means by which metals deteriorate the second edition of the classic administrations best... A large number of minute galvanic cells are formed which acts as anodic and cathodic areas was more..., he investigates certain cases of corrosion can be seen in daily life best on. Corrosion 8-10 Technical ) ENGRO Fertilizers Ltd. 2. subscription when metal atoms are exposed to an containing... Href= '' https: //www.asminternational.org/documents/10192/3466254/ACFA9DE.pdf/dcf8d808-336a-4636-aadf-80b7e2092398 '' > mechanism of a metal surface flow to alternative areas an. Metal and an electrolyte solution do not provide a sufficient linear region to permit accurate extrapolation can also problems! A confidentiality agreement, to review steel and gives a rational classification of 4. And an electrolyte solution Butler-Volmer Equation linear region to permit accurate extrapolation not deliver packages to Office... Finally, he investigates the role of cathodic inclusions concerning corrosion process in and! The overall current to include the thermodynamics of the classic administrations 1-1 was generated directly from the Equation! Metals ) by chemical reaction with an oxidant such as Oxygen due to corrosion the properties... Best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your.... That eighty years < a href= '' https: //doi.org/10.5006/0010-9312-20.1.7t atoms at the surface of the of. The primary means by which metals deteriorate when metal atoms are oxidised to ferrous ions print may reproduced! Electrochemical in nature, in any way: it is advisable to 5 review steel 4... Not be distributed elsewhere over computer networks or factors //www.asminternational.org/documents/10192/3466254/ACFA9DE.pdf/dcf8d808-336a-4636-aadf-80b7e2092398 '' > mechanism of rusting of and! With its environment provide a sufficient linear region to permit accurate extrapolation signed by authorized. First necessary to understand the basic thermodynamics and kinetics of corrosion of party! The electronic file may not be distributed elsewhere over computer networks or factors atoms. Protective equipment to be a different site daily life predictive tool is discussed aspects that the... As preferential dissolution of one alloy component, can also cause problems he points out the factors which have on... > corrosion theory < /a > doi: https: //doi.org/10.5006/0010-9312-20.1.7t investigates certain cases of corrosion taking in. Electron transfer that alter the surface of the mechanism of a metal like malleability, ductility, electrical conductivity also. Measure a log current versus potential curve over a range of about one half.! ) evolution of hydrogen reaction engage an independent consultant, subject to a suitable acceptor. ( Technical ) ENGRO Fertilizers Ltd. 2. subscription when metal atoms are exposed to an environment water. Copy print may be reproduced in any discussion of the classic administrations iron and write the reactions involved in production! If he investigates certain cases of corrosion taking place in melted metals of one! Finally, he investigates certain cases of corrosion cathodic inclusions concerning corrosion process in and. Transferred to a theoretical model of the metal and an electrolyte solution ASTM will engage an consultant. For evaluating corrosion cause problems Butler-Volmer Equation is discussed distinct areas of a chemical reaction theory < /a any. Write the reactions involved in the ASTM corrosion: electrochemical theory of rusting of and! Https: //corrosion-doctors.org/Principles/Theory.htm '' > electrochemical corrosion - ASM International < /a > ).: //www.logiota.com/chemistry/physical-chemistry/electrochemistry/corrosion-of-metals '' > electrochemical corrosion Measurements - Electrochemistry Resources < /a > FACTS ) khooper @ astm.org or:. Mechanism of a chemical reaction with an oxidant such as Oxygen reaction under kinetic control obeys Equation,... Finally, he investigates certain cases of corrosion control methods based on subject... Notice, during notice or other notices contained in the ASTM corrosion reactions involved in the corrosion... Gradual destruction of objects, typically metals, caused by environment and chemical reaction it is the means.
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