Antonia Leonard is an education expert who has dedicated her life to helping students achieve their academic goals. This spring, the community secured a grant to build a museum, and many researchers and organizations remain interested in searching for the Clotilda. The racist ideology that had once excused the actions of the state's slaveholders survived the Civil War and emancipation and carried over into the post-bellum era to support an array of Jim Crow laws that trampled upon the civil liberties of African Americans until they were overturned during the, 1819-1838: Early Statehood and Indian Removal. Some of these former slaves may have almost non-existent. A mural of the Clotilda adorns a concrete embankment in Africatown, a community near Mobile founded by Africans illegally transported to Alabama aboard the slave ship. He was born and studied medicine in Pennsylvania, but moved to Natchez District, Mississippi Territory in 1808 and became the wealthiest cotton planter and the second-largest slave owner in the United States with over 2,200 slaves. M., W. H. Hargrove for, 55 Slaves, Page 276B, WATKINS, R. J., Solon Hamlit? See the Heritage Exchange Portal for more information on how to document slaves and slave owners. The musician Questlove is descended from survivors of the ship, and when he discovered this on the genealogy show Finding Your Roots, historian Henry Louis Gates, Jr., told him, You hit the jackpot.. Alabama was one of the first seven states to withdraw from the Union prior to the American Civil War . Racially How can I find out if my family were slaves? Compared to their white counterparts, slave families had more mother-headed households and were less patriarchal, and their typical lack of status and property undermined expressions of male authority. States that saw significant increases in The collection contains over 20,000 pages of type-scripted interviews with more than 3,500 former slaves collected over a ten year period. SURNAME MATCHES FOR AFRICAN AMERICANS ON 1870 CENSUS. Understanding that they would have to find a place to live in the U.S., they decided to ask Timothy Meaher to provide a form of reparations. Dallas, Montgomery Mobile businessman Timothy Meaher organized the Clotilda voyage after making a bet that he could, as he put it, bring a shipful of n*****s right into Mobile Bay under the officers noses.. She has worked in schools all over the world, and has developed groundbreaking curricula that have helped countless students excel. the Alabama colored population increased by 37,000, to 475,000, a 17% increase. Besides the various slave narratives . P. O. found on the 1870 census, then making the link to finding that ancestor as a slave requires How Safe Is Mississippi State University? indexes almost always do not include the slave census. Though the census schedules speak in terms of slave owners, the The 1860 U.S. Census Slave Schedules for Clarke County, Mississippi (NARA microfilm series M653, Roll 596) reportedly includes a total of 5,076 slaves. (As a side note, by 1960, 100 years later, the County Today, it exists as the historic site Africatown in Mobile, Alabama, where many Clotilda descendants still live. Linking names of plantations in this County with the names of the large holders on this list Published information giving names of slaveholders and numbers of slaves held is Court Records Free Reference and Directory), Clarke County, Alabama, Circuit Court case files, 1811-1902, Large Slaveholders of 1860 and African American Surname Matches from 1870), United States Census (Slave Schedule), 1850, Alabama Wills and Probate Records, 1753-1999, Clarke County, Alabama, estate case files, 1810-1915, Histopolis Collaborative Genealogy & History), Cyndi's List of Genealogy Sites on the Internet), Bureau of Land Management, General Land Office), U.S. General Land Office Records, 1796-1907, Clarke County Alabama Genealogical Network, Clarke County Alabama history, culture and life, USGS Geographic Names Information System), Abstracts of marriages, deeds, court records, tract books and orphans court minutes, Genealogical Publishing Company and Clearfield Company), Alabama Civil War and Reconstruction Newspapers, Alabama Department of Archives & History), American Memory from the Library of Congress), Clarke County, Alabama, poll tax record book, 1897-1914, Philadelphia Architects and Buildings Project), mindat.org - the mineral and locality database). County population included 7,215 whites, 6 free colored and 8,085 slaves. Where did the freed slaves go who did not stay in this county? Though an 1807 law banned the trans-Atlantic slave trade to the United States as of 1 January 1808, slaves could still be bought and sold (and transported) within the country. Excluding slaves, the 1860 U.S. population was 27,167,529, with and indication of any handicaps, such as deaf or blind Slaves 100 years of age or older were [8] Most Native American tribes were completely removed from the state within a few years of the passage of the Indian Removal Act by Congress in 1830. The 1852 Alabama Slave Code urged slaveholders to keep slave families together during sales whenever possible and to avoid separating children under the age of five from their mothers. (In almost all cases the slaves are listed only by gender, age, and color, not by name.) slave on the 1860 census, the free census for 1860 should be checked, as almost 11% of African family tree, surname, vital records, biography, or otherwise Surrounded by cane brake, it was an ideal place to live undetected. "Indian Slavery in Colonial Georgia. 545,000 (17%); Texas, up 70,000 (38%); North Carolina, up 31,000 (8%); Florida, up 27,000 PURPOSE. She is also a strong advocate for equal opportunity, and she works tirelessly to ensure that all students have access to quality education regardless of their socioeconomic status or race. It conducts public opinion polling, demographic research, media content analysis and other empirical social science research. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! See the Heritage Exchange Portal for more information on how to document slaves and slave owners. The wreckage was still visible at low tide for a few decades, yet remains elusive today. This collection of interviews stands in contrast to other slave narratives that appear in most literature anthologies which were written by the rare few who, against staggering odds, had become literate. CONTENT MAY BE COPYRIGHTED BY WIKITREE COMMUNITY MEMBERS. Profiles are placed in this category with this text [[Category:Alabama, Slavery]] . This transcription lists the names of those largest slaveholders in the County, the Enter your email address to subscribe to this website and receive notifications of new posts by email. Baine, Rodney M. 1995. transcriber has chosen to use the term slaveholder rather than slave owner, so that questions There are several plantation homes in Alabama that have survived for nearly 200 years and Ive listed 10 of them below. When Alabama seceded from the Union in 1861, the states 435,080 slaves made up 45 percent of the total population. How Long Does A Typical College Course Take To Complete? MOBILE, Ala. ( WALA) -19-year-old Xavier Dixon didn't say a word while being escorted to metro jail after a murder in broad daylight. There is simply no other historical document quite like it. Clarke County Sherriff Dewayne Smith said a man was found burned in his truck on a small dirt road outside of Lower Peach Tree. What Is The Oldest School In Mississippi? Many enslaved women were owned by small farmers and worked as domestic servants. of justice and legality of claims of ownership need not be addressed in this transcription. Instead, place individual profiles into the category corresponding to the county of Alabama where they held enslaved persons. Please, add your favorite Website(s) to this page! Alabama became a part of the Mississippi Territory in 1798 after Indian cessions in north Alabama. The 1860 U.S. Census was the last U.S. census showing slaves and See the Heritage Exchange Portal for more information on how to document slaves and slave owners. Slaves often worked alongside and sometimes slept under the same roof as their owner. holders of the most slaves with the least amount of transcription work. By the 1870 census, The county had numerous forts, built by settlers for protection during the Creek War (1813-1814). From 1798 to 1819, a steady influx of Europeans and African slaves accompanied by their owners settled on land formerly occupied by several Native American tribes. LARGEST SLAVEHOLDERS FROM 1860 SLAVE CENSUS SCHEDULES. When you find a useful new resource, go to the right Linkpendium page and click Those bonds, however, did not change the fact that a slave was considered property. (function(){var js = "window['__CF$cv$params']={r:'78b7e7ab4ecead3f',m:'uvdcd5yibVx0kns0ZBzReCjsdUSTAKHf9LjYAnEujII-1674050930-0-AdJ6levGSlv1vZFkOQ639W3km6SvAZ5Z4KLRemjvtVNgU+5pIIELojsyBwmvUgyllFpMiUZ+Kt1Cnj14xUSnAji1+KQB0ijEMVCy0E2Mk5lgrhovMRGcJiEanfZ3yaKobU5kuF79rBOKwoXrRjge1ZTTKUPDaVw4oLQa/PvPqCUj',s:[0x447ce953aa,0x99abbf795e],u:'/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g'};var now=Date.now()/1000,offset=14400,ts=''+(Math.floor(now)-Math.floor(now%offset)),_cpo=document.createElement('script');_cpo.nonce='',_cpo.src='/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/scripts/alpha/invisible.js?ts='+ts,document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(_cpo);";var _0xh = document.createElement('iframe');_0xh.height = 1;_0xh.width = 1;_0xh.style.position = 'absolute';_0xh.style.top = 0;_0xh.style.left = 0;_0xh.style.border = 'none';_0xh.style.visibility = 'hidden';document.body.appendChild(_0xh);function handler() {var _0xi = _0xh.contentDocument || _0xh.contentWindow.document;if (_0xi) {var _0xj = _0xi.createElement('script');_0xj.nonce = '';_0xj.innerHTML = js;_0xi.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(_0xj);}}if (document.readyState !== 'loading') {handler();} else if (window.addEventListener) {document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', handler);} else {var prev = document.onreadystatechange || function () {};document.onreadystatechange = function (e) {prev(e);if (document.readyState !== 'loading') {document.onreadystatechange = prev;handler();}};}})(); RootsWeb is funded and supported by This database provides a more poignant picture of what it was to live as a slave in the American South. Start with the 1940 Census and work your way backwards. The links below provide an accurate reflection of what African American genealogy is available online. There were roughly 110 African children, teenagers, and young adults on board the Clotilda when it arrived in Alabama in 1860, just one year before the Civil War. What was the largest plantation in Alabama? S. & 2 others, 74 Slaves, Page 238B, LOCKHART, James P., 49 H. B., 44 Slaves, Page 230, MALONE, J. H., Athens Ala., 65 Slaves, Page 260B, MAPLES, Malcolm G.?, 75 Slaves, Page 273B, MARTINDALE, Elizabeth, 40 Slaves, Page 265, MASON, John R., A. M. Weatherford for, 134 Slaves, Page 275, MATHEWS, L., Madison City Ala., 62 Slaves, Page 258, MATHEWS, L.?, Madison City Ala., 98 Slaves, Page 259B, MEMPHIS & CHARLESTON R. R., owners various & unknown, 36 Slaves, Page 240, MOORE, S. H., Charles H. Patton in trust for, 112 Slaves, Page 246, PEEBLES, R. B., in trust for 2 minors, 80 Slaves, Page 250B, PEETE, Samueal, Madison City Ala., 45 Slaves, Page 258B, RICE, John, Mary P. Rice in trust for, 94 Slaves, Page 247, TOURISEM?, Brice? transcription was made from the Ancestry on line images of the microfilm. Most antebellum slaves lived in so-called nuclear families (father, mother, and children). And when they were interviewed, their wish was for the interviewers to give their African names, their original names, so that if the story could ever go to Africa, their families would know that they were still alive.. PLEASE HELP! New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S., Slave Manifests, 1807-1860. For most black Americans descended from enslaved Africans, theres no way of tracing back where their ancestors came from. . Surname matching of In the midst of Jim Crow, segregation, and reconstruction, they built a free society controlled and run by Africans., I think that what this particular story is about is really the unity of the people who were on the ship, Diouf says. Available online at Ancestry.com, FamilySearch.org, and HeritageQuest.com Census records are basic building blocks for everyones research. [13][10] Cotton made up over half of US exports at the time, and southern plantations produced three-fourths of the global cotton supply.[14]. Afro-American Historical and Genealogical Society lots of duplication of plantation names. Instead, place individual profiles into the category corresponding to the county of Alabama where they held enslaved persons. The state legislature conscripted soldiers and appropriated several million dollars for military operations and for the support of the families of soldiers. If found, the Clotilda would be the only ship from the U.S. slave trade ever recovered. Kaden Parker in Barbour County, lived in a log cabin with his mother, father and seven siblings. genealogically-related site on the Internet. TERMINOLOGY. slaveholders with 1870 African Americans is intended merely as suggesting another possibility for Contract labor systems were put into place in southern states that forced freed blacks to work in jobs that they could not legally quit, left them permanently in debt, and which often involved violent physical punishment by white property owners. Hancock County, which was in existence for a very short time should be categorized under Winston County. personally to verify or modify the information in this transcription for their own purposes. searchable and highly recommended database found at http://fisher.lib.virginia.edu/census/ . African American Research, Part 1 You are the visitor to this page. surnames of the holders with information on numbers of African Americans on the 1870 census There, the captain bought people from the Benin region like Cudjo Lewis. Paraphrasing Marcus Garvey, Battles reflects, If you dont know your history, youre just like a tree without no roots.. Corporate Information | Privacy | Terms and Conditions | CCPA Notice at Collection. Slave Narratives Where did the freed slaves go who did not stay in this county? Slaveowners used a variety of punishments to discipline and dominate slaves. States that saw significant increases in PURPOSE. The majority of slave children were raised by their mothers andto a lesser extenttheir fathers. The 13th Amendment to the Constitution, which abolished slavery, was ratified in 1865. When enslaved folks were sold or bequeathed through the enslavers family, they would, in most cases, only know their mothers last name. 1860 slave census schedule from Monroe County, Alabama. Although many owners ignored the statute, its passage reflected the increasing value that some legislators placed upon maintaining families among the enslaved. The defense of slavery played a significant role in Alabama's, As of statehood in 1819, slaves accounted for more than 30 percent of Alabama's approximately 128,000 inhabitants. slaves, or an average of about ten slaves per holder. The largest numbers of slaves were held in bondage in counties located in either the Tennessee River Valley or the, Alabama gained statehood during a period when. Like its neighbors, the Alabama Territory was fertile ground for the surging cotton crop, and soon became one of the major destinations for African-American slaves who were being shipped to the Southeastern United States. By the 1870 census, Female slaves also endured sexual abuse committed upon them by white men, including acts of rape and molestation. PATRON + A former slave became the first millionaire of color in Jefferson County, Alabama. Freed slaves, if listed in the next census, in 1870, would have Holders on pages up to 262B were reported as in Division 1, while those shown here as on higher Census data on African Americans in the 1870 census was obtained using Heritage Quests CD LARGEST SLAVEHOLDERS FROM 1860 SLAVE CENSUS SCHEDULES, SURNAME MATCHES FOR AFRICAN AMERICANS ON 1870 CENSUS. Formation of the State. (+1) 202-419-4372 | Media Inquiries. 1860 slave census schedule from Monroe County, Alabama. 200 or more slaves, while constituting less than 1 % of the total number of U.S. slaveholders, or 1 This transcription document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. freed Alabama slaves go if they did not stay in Alabama? Many owners and overseers physically beat slaves with instruments such as whips and cat o'nine tails. MIGRATION OF FORMER SLAVES: According to U.S. Census data, the 1860 Limestone Its extremely difficult to connect the freed black Americans first named on the 1870 census to their enslaved ancestorsa problem known as the 1870 Brick Wall. Chas Parker, a slave to Rev. Join To Live : https://www.youtube.com/redirect?q=https://bit.ly/3WFccXXLive Game : Blacksher Vs. Clarke County - Girls Basketball Alabama 1/17/2023The Clark. An aerial photo taken Tuesday, January 2, 2018, in Mobile, Alabama, of what was thought to be the Clotilda, the last slave ship documented to have delivered captive Africans to the United States. Using plantation 1870, so that could be where some of these Alabama freed slaves went. Lewis was one of about 30 Clotilda survivors forced to work for James Meaher for the next five years. Linkpendium! Alabama's antebellum-era slave codes were replaced by a postbellum social and legal system of separating citizens on the basis of race that remained intact through the mid-twentieth century. 2023 A&E Television Networks, LLC. Meaher didnt provide them with passage back to Africa, and they soon realized that they wouldnt be able to earn the money for their passage themselves. Autauga County Alabama Slave Owners Slaves deeded from George Anderson to son William Anderson - Jun 1831 Slaves sold by William Anderson to various - Feb 1836 Will [Aug 1840] and Appraisement of Estate of Nicholas Zeigler - Mar 1841 Barbour County Alabama Slave Owners Slave owned by J. R. Upshaw in the records of Liberty Baptist Church - Sep 1846 Locate every ancestor and relative in every census in which they were alive (to the extent possible). What was the name of the ship that brought the slaves to America? Download 1860 slave census schedule from Monroe County, Alabama. It is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts. IMPORTANT PRIVACY NOTICE & DISCLAIMER: YOU HAVE A RESPONSIBILITY TO USE CAUTION WHEN DISTRIBUTING PRIVATE INFORMATION. Christopher Columbus likely transported the first Africans to the Americas in the late 1490s on his expeditions to the island of Hispaniola, now Haiti and the Dominican Republic. http://www.heritagequest.com/ . The largest numbers of slaves were held in bondage in counties located in either the Tennessee River Valley or the Black Belt region. (41%); Ohio, up 26,000 (70%); Indiana, up 25,000 (127%); and Kansas up from 265 to 17,000 film quality, handwriting interpretation questions and inconsistent counting and page numbering 1850 Slave Schedules Clarke County (Source: Explore Ancestry for free) ($) Clarke County, Alabama 1860 slaveholders and 1870 African Americans (Source: Large Slaveholders of 1860 and African American Surname Matches from 1870) United States Census (Slave Schedule), 1850 Clarke County (Source: FamilySearch) The District of Selma for the Freedmen's Bureau contain records for Bibb, Dallas, Perry, and Wilcox counties in Alabama. (6,400%). Where did Migration increased after the end of the Creek War in 1814. The schooner Clotilda smuggled African captives into the U.S. in 1860, more than 50 years after importing slaves was outlawed. colored population during that time, and were therefore more likely possible places of relocation Recent speculation about the location of the ship has brought national attention to issues in Africatown, such as its lawsuit against an industrial plant for generating cancer-causing pollution. She has received numerous awards and accolades for her work, including being named one of the "Top 10 Educators to Watch" by Education Week magazine. Sharecroppers often lived and worked in the same cotton plantations their enslaved ancestors had toiled upon. Home > USA > Alabama > Clarke County > Census Records and Indexes. widely and from region to region. related terms such as African American, black, mulatto and colored are used as in the source or at The page numbers Dallas, Montgomery Florida Agricultural And Mechanical University, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Massachusetts Institute Of Technology (Mit), Missouri University Of Science And Technology, State University Of New York Health Science Center At Brooklyn, Suny College Of Environmental Science And Forestry, The University Of North Carolina At Charlotte, The University Of Texas Health Science Center At Houston, The University Of Texas Health Science Center At San Antonio, The University Of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, The University Of Texas Medical Branch At Galveston, The University Of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Uniformed Services University Of The Health Sciences, University At Buffalo Suny School Of Engineering And Applied Sciences, University Of California, Los Angeles (Ucla), University Of Illinois At Urbana Champaign, University Of Maryland Baltimore County (Umbc), University Of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester, University Of Tennessee Health Science Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. should not be a difficult research task, but it is beyond the scope of this transcription. Slaves were most often beaten for working too slowly, stealing, running away, and disobeying owners or overseers. The African American Heritage Preservation Foundation, Inc. (AAHPF) is dedicated to the preservation of endangered and little known African American historical sites and its history. This page has been accessed 638 times. [These figures do not consider the affect of any County boundary changes that may have Alabama was one of the first seven states to withdraw from the Union prior to the American Civil War. I tookee good keer my slaves and derefo I doan owe dem nothin.. This is a high-level category and should not have individual profiles added to it. The schooner Clotilda, under the command of Captain William Foster and carrying a cargo of 124 Africans, arrived in Mobile Bay, Alabama, in July 1860. SURNAME MATCHES AMONG AFRICAN AMERICANS ON 1870 CENSUS: (exact surname spellings only are reported, no spelling variations or soundex), (SURNAME, # in US, in State, in County, born in State, born and living in State, born in State methods used by the census enumerators, interested researchers should view the source film Profiles are placed in this category with this text [[Category:Clarke County, Alabama, Slave Owners]] . 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Where did Migration increased after the end of the Pew Charitable Trusts online at Ancestry.com, FamilySearch.org, disobeying... Or the black Belt region by 37,000, to 475,000, a 17 increase... Owners and overseers physically beat slaves with the least amount of transcription work slaves was outlawed County...