A gun of the Elswick Battery that served in the Second Boer War is displayed in the Royal Artillery Museum, London but the museum has closed and re-located to Larkhill, Wiltshire. I am trying to confirm what he told me BUT I am having difficulty confirming that there were 12 pounder napoleons during the Galveston War when the confederates retook the port at Galveston. (Both field guns and howitzers were already capable of firing canister shot.) The 12-pounder Napoleon outclassed and soon replaced the M1841 6-pounder field gun and the M1841 12-pounder howitzer in the U.S. Army, while replacement of these older weapons was slower in the Confederate States Army. The 12-pound cannon "Napoleon" was the most popular smoothbore cannon used during the war. Naval 12-pounders were similar to 12-pound Army guns in the Gribeauval system: the canon lourd de 12 Gribeauval, used as a siege weapon, and the canon de 12 Gribeauval, which was considered a heavy field artillery piece. How Much are Model Cannons? Like Mordecai, McClellan saw the advantages of using a single artillery piece to combine the functions of both field gun and howitzer. Complete build Version, only minor Assembly required The weapon proved to be simple to produce, reliable, and robust. [note 1] It could also fire canister shot, common shell, and spherical case shot. On 80-gun ships of the Tonnant class and Bucentaure class, they armed the forecastle and the poop deck. Unlike their land based cousins, such weapons were considered light by naval standards. By Crusader1307. Carronades and long guns were manufactured in naval gun sizes: 6-, 12-, 18-, 24-, 32-, 42-, and 68-pounder versions. [1] It was first used during the Tudor period [2] and was commonly used during the Napoleonic Wars, 1799-1815. 6-pounder James . The 12-pdr field howitzer was manufactured from the Federal 1841 pattern in 1862. As the Type 41 3-inch (7.62cm)/40 it was used on most early battleships and cruisers of the Imperial Japanese Navy, though it was commonly referred to by its UK designation as a "12-pounder" gun. Cannonballs can easily take away a person's leg, arm or head and inflict more damage on a group of ranged riflemen. of 1. Military History Journal Vol 1 No 4 June 1969. [4] [25] But this allocation of ammunition changed. [7], Lieutenant Burne reported that the original electric firing system, while working well under ideal conditions, required support of an armourer and the maintenance and transport of charged batteries in the field, which was generally not possible. [12], Type 41 3-inch (7.62cm) 40 calibre gun on the, As first mounted on 27-knot destroyers from 1894, here seen on, Naval brigade with a "long twelve" in Natal. [26] A 6-gun battery of 12-pounder Napoleons with two caissons per gun required 20 6-horse teams and 10 extra horses. When fired, canister was effective up to a distance of 350yd (320m). [12] By the Battle of Gettysburg on 13 July 1863, Lee's army received 49 of the recast Napoleons. Length = 6 feet. The Napoleon 12# guns (sometimes referred to as twelve-pounders), were cast in. Of solid shot configuration and approx. [38], During the Battle of Fort Sanders on November 29, 1863, the 12-pounder Napoleons used by the Federals fired triple canister. T.J. Rodman was the ordnance inspector. The gun was the American-manufactured version of the French canon obusier de 12 which combined the functions of both field gun and howitzer. The twelve-pound cannon is a cannon that fires twelve-pound projectiles from its barrel, as well as grapeshot, chain shot, shrapnel, and later shells and canister shot. [15] The cannon fired a 12.25lb (5.6kg) round shot of 4.52in (11.5cm) diameter. It was produced by Armstrong Whitworth, Elswick and used on Royal Navy warships, exported to allied countries, and used for land service. The Confederate States were hampered by having an inferior industrial capacity compared to the North and were far behind in the production of 12-pounder Napoleons. I would rescale it to 1 inch = 12 inches (1:12) later. The M1857 12-pounder Napoleon or Light 12-pounder gun or 12-pounder gun-howitzer was a bronze smoothbore muzzle-loading artillery piece that was adopted by the United States Army in 1857 and extensively employed in the American Civil War. [10] Many of these were still in service in World War II although they had by then been superseded by more modern types such as twin QF 6 pounder 10 cwt mounts. Model of a long cannon used by Napoleonic French Navy. Note its rough unfinished surface and the extra metal or sprue at the muzzle end (into which slag contained in the molten metal would rise . [23] At Gettysburg, the 5th Maine Light Artillery Battery, armed with six 12-pounder Napoleons, carried 288 round shot, 288 spherical case, 96 common shells, and 96 canister rounds in its limbers and caissons. Add to WishList. In 1857 Ames Manufacturing Company produced the first of several variations of this design. I recently searched for a ship cannon to print for a fort but didn't find any model that could be easy printed and assembled so I upgraded one from grabcad and leave the files here in case someone needs them. $39.50. Some were made with handles, and muzzels were made both with and without a swell. [4] It was introduced to the US military in 1837 and known as the M1841. (12-cwt.) List of active duty United States four-star officers, List of battleships of the United States Navy, Articles incorporating text from Wikipedia, Field artillery in the American Civil War, http://www.contentparadise.com/us/user/britishnaval_12lb_cannon_for_3d_studio_max_product_32286, http://y2u.co.uk/&002_Images/Victory%20Nelson%2001.htm, http://www.batteryb.com/mountain_howitzer.html, http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/grant/timeline/index.html, http://www.galenahistorymuseum.org/napoleon.htm, http://www.nps.gov/archive/vick/interp/lhcannon.htm, http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/Woods/3501/cannons.htm&date=2009-10-25+07:53:55, http://www.cwartillery.org/ve/dahlgrens.html. It was first used during the Tudor period and was commonly used during the Napoleonic Wars, 1799-1815. As such, lighter metals with less powder could be deployed (due to the lack of space between the interior bore rear and cannon shot). The Brigand 8-Pounder, 12-Pounder, and 16-Pounder are bosses which appear in the Weald . 12-pound Napoleon cannon during a living history demonstration. Diameter at Chase = 8.25 inches. The first guns were bought from the English firms as "Elswick Pattern N" and "Vickers Mark Z" guns. "The Elswick Guns", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=QF_12-pounder_12_cwt_naval_gun&oldid=1116146991. The weapon was named after Napoleon III of France who helped develop the weapon. [10] [8] By this time the Parrott rifle and newer, more powerful Columbiads like the Rodman gun were being introduced. The upper gun deck has 12 pounder cannon, the middle gun deck 24 pounder guns and the massive 32 pounder cannon. The Elswick guns served throughout the war.[9]. Perhaps uniquely, the guns were refused by the War Office and donated directly to Lord Roberts, the British commander in South Africa and became his personal property. 2210 ft/s in British service in 1902, using 1lb 15oz (0.88kg) cordite Mk I size 15 propellant; 1st Northumberland Royal Garrison Artillery (Volunteers), Gun drill for Q.F. Although not yet rifled, The Gribeauval increased range and provided a highly mobile Field Gun for the first time in Warfare. On the same battlefield, the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia employed only 14 Napoleons, compared to 44 M1841 12-pounder howitzers, 43 10-pounder Parrott rifles, and 41 M1841 6-pounder guns. The four modified guns were 3in (76mm) longer than the original gun and 40lb (18.1kg) heavier. Guns with both English and Japanese markings were found on Kiska, Kolombangara, Saipan, Tarawa, and Tinian. They made many one-pounder cannon (cetbang or rentaka), long muskets, spingarde (arquebus), . NPS Photo Vicksburg National Military Park fires a reproduction cannon, designed to represent a 12-pdr Napoleon manufactured in 1862 by Cyrus Alger & Co. from South Boston. The 12-pounder long gun was an intermediary calibre piece of artillery mounted on warships of the Age of sail. Guns of this type include: A cannon sized for a 12 pound ball, see Naval artillery in the Age of Sail Canon de 12 de Vallire French cannon of 1732 Canon lourd de 12 Gribeauval French heavy cannon of the mid-late 18th century Unauthorised Copying of any kind is strictly prohibited. The average selling price for at 1stDibs is $1,898, while they're typically $180 on the low end and $29,374 highest priced. & Company and was the 178th gun produced by this company in the Northern United States in 1863. and required a Crew of (15) (4 to fire and the rest in support operations). The twelve-pound cannon is a cannon that fires twelve-pound projectiles from its barrel, as well as grapeshot, chain shot, shrapnel, and later shells and canister shot. [35] Deployed in an exposed position near the Bloody Cornfield at dawn, it took so many casualties that it was withdrawn at 7:30 am by order of Brigadier General John Gibbon. Carronade Continue Reading 30 2 As the 12-pounder calibre was consistent with both the French and the British calibre systems, it was a widespread gun amongst nations between the 17th and the 19th century. HMS Victory was a First Rate Ship of the Line - mounting 104 guns on. Can't quite make out what they say. On 64-gun two-deckers, the 12-gun was used as secondary artillery, to supplement the 24-pounder main batteries. I decided on a 9 Pound Naval Cannon that would be found on the quarterdeck or forecastle of HMS Bellerophon (1768), a 74 gun Man of War. PLB020. These four guns became the standard model for all 12-pounder Napoleons subsequently produced for the U.S. Army. This type of "canon obusier", commonly called in English the 12-pounder Napoleon Model 1857, was the primary cannon used in the American Civil War. The weapon was of approximately 117mm (4.62") caliber (usually rounded to 120mm) and fired a 4.1 kilogram projectile (ball, shell or canister/grapeshot) at a muzzle velocity of . (Right panel) The Napoleon 12-Pounder Field Gun Model 1857 Statistics Bore: 4.62" Tube weight: 1230 lbs. [5] The Napoleon was mounted on a carriage weighing 1,128lb (511.7kg). [32] Most Confederate batteries were made up of a mix of guns. The capture of Hermione in 1757 encouraged the British to imitate her design, yielding the Southampton and Richmond-class frigates. On 13 November 1862, Gorgas ordered that 12-pounder Napoleons should be the only bronze artillery pieces produced. Firing both Canister and Solid Shot, it's maximum effective range was over 1,900-yards (minimum being 600-yards). Coast defence gun at Army Memorial Museum, Waiouru, New Zealand], 12pdr on coastal Defence pedestal at Pendennis Castle, Falmouth, Cornwall. Later, under Louis XV, the frigate took its modern shape with a single artillery deck complemented by smaller pieces on the castles; new heavy frigates were developed to carry 26 12-pounders, with Hermione as lead ship of the series. $15.95. The M1857 12-pounder Napoleon or Light 12-pounder gun or 12-pounder gun-howitzer was a bronze smoothbore muzzle-loading artillery piece that was adopted by the United States Army in 1857 and extensively employed in the American Civil War. Civil War Mountain Howitzer 12-pounder Metal Cannon Kit. Designed by French Artillerist Jean Gribeauval in 1765, The Gribeauval 12-Pounder Cannon was an innovative Field Piece, first deployed during The American Revolutionary War. Guns were traversed (moved from side to side) manually by the gunlayer as he stood on the left side with his arm hooked over a shoulder piece as he aimed, while he operated the elevating handwheel with his left hand and grasped the pistol grip with trigger in his right hand.[6]. The 12-pounder also equipped the castles on razeed ships, where 12 pieces were mounted, and the 22-gun secondary battery of 50-gun fourth-rates. Mk V naval gun was at Royal Artillery Museum, London but the museum has closed and re-located to Larkhill, Wiltshire. The Italian Cannon 76/40 Model 1916 was a licensed derivative of the QF 12-pounder used in a number of roles during World War I and World War II. [41] At the Battle of Resaca in May 1864, the 5th Independent Battery Indiana Light Artillery with six guns, including both Napoleons and 3-inch Ordnance rifles, firing canister at close range, helped repulse a Confederate infantry division.[42]. In 1864, U.S. Chief of Ordnance Brigadier General George D. Ramsay wrote, "No instance has occurred during the war of the 12-pdr bronze gun (the Napoleon) having worn out or of its bursting. DIE CAST CIVIL WAR 5 1/2" LIMBER NEW IN BOX. In very good+/fine condition with light surface pitting/discoloration, minor casting imperfections and a deeply toned . Civil War Coffee Wagon Model Metal Kit. They were known as the "Elswick Battery" and were manned by men from Elswick, recruited by 1st Northumberland Royal Garrison Artillery (Volunteers). 800-238-6785 . $15.50 + $12.65 shipping. We have a great online selection at the lowest prices with Fast & Free shipping on many items! Another Elswick gun is with 203 (Elswick) Battery RA (V). Larger units used the 12-pounder to complement the firepower provided by their main and secondary artillery. They were used as main guns on the most typical frigates of the early 18th century, on the second deck of fourth-rate ships of the line, and on the upper decks or castles of 80-gun and 120-gun ships of the line. Later, redesigned 12 lbs were named after Napoleon III and found heavy use during the American Civil War. A VERY GOOD+ AMERICAN REVOLUTIONARY WAR "TWELVE-POUNDER" SOLID-SHOT CANNON BALL: In overall very good+, smooth and untouched condition with dark-colored iron surfaces. [4] At Gettysburg, 142 out of 360 Union guns (36%) were Napoleons. [21] The Napoleon fired the same ammunition and propellent charges as the M1841 12-pounder field gun, but its tube and carriage were 577lb (261.7kg) lighter than those of the older artillery piece. The Confederate States of America utilized captured U.S. 12-pounder Napoleons and also manufactured about 500 during the war. REPLICA WEAPONS and WESTERN MODELS Miniature detailed non firing cannon replicas both assembled and in kits. Add to Cart. Information Line: 1-731-885-0700 Phone/Fax Hours. French Gribeauval Cannon - 12 Pounder - Napoleonic Era - This item is oversized and not eligible for free shipping. Please see pics for markings. 5th Independent Battery Indiana Light Artillery, Field artillery in the American Civil War, "Green Ones and Black Ones: The Most Common Field Pieces of the Civil War", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M1857_12-pounder_Napoleon&oldid=1116346388, This page was last edited on 16 October 2022, at 03:14. This item measures an impressive 15" in overall length with a cast metal barrel that is 7.5" in length. 12-pounder NAPOLEON GUN BARREL. The twelve-pound cannon is a cannon that fires twelve-pound projectiles from its barrel, as well as grapeshot, chainshot, shrapnel, and later shells and canister shot. A 12 pounder solid shot (probably the most common field artillery of the period) has a diameter of 4.6 in and weighs a little over 12 pounds. The canister round weighed 14.8lb (6.7kg) and contained 27 iron balls that were 1.49in (3.8cm) in diameter or slightly smaller. In the left of this picture U.S. Grant can be seen firing a mountain howitzer. In the Royal Navy, the 12-pounder was used in a similar capacity. Napoleon cannon remained in service during the Victorian period,[7] seeing action in the American Civil War. Features Wood and metal construction Metallic 12-pounder tube *1 Wooden two-wheel carriage *1 Wooden coffer *1 Wooden bucket *1 Sacks *7 Sponge rod fitted with a rammer *1 Wad hook *1 Wooden poles *2 Cannonball *1 (set) On capital ships, the 12-pounder was used on the third deck from the reign of Louis XIV, with units like Royal Louis or Soleil-Royal as typical examples. CB0630 6 POUNDER CANNON BBRL 1/2 SCAL. [6] A single experimental wrought iron Napoleon was manufactured by the Phoenix Iron Works. This item is a brand new 3D printed set for use in customization projects. Copyright 2013 Stronghold Nation. [4] In British service "12-pounder" was the rounded value of the projectile weight, and "12 cwt (hundredweight)" was the weight of the barrel and breech, to differentiate it from other "12-pounder" guns. View our handy Scale Cannon Size Chart. Carronades were much lighter and easier and faster to load and fire. To all appearances, this weapon closely resembles the 12-pounder Confederate bronze Napoleon. $62.50. Our Price: Compare. (12-cwt.) The twelve-pound cannon is a cannon that fires twelve-pounds projectiles from its barrel, as well as grapeshot, chainshot, shrapnel, and later shells and canister shot. Designed by French Artillerist Jean Gribeauval in 1765, The Gribeauval 12-Pounder Cannon was an innovative Field Piece, first deployed during The American Revolutionary War. 99 relations. Bronze, founded in Strasbourg in 1853. A breakthrough towards fielding heavier guns was made in 1772, when the two units of the Pourvoyeuse class were built, with 24-pounders intended, but 18-pounders used in practice, and the 12-pounder remained the standard issue on most units. Contents 1 Design Details 2 Ammunition 3 Service 3.1 Great Britain 3.2 Colony of Victoria reply This cannon was manufactured by H.N.H. 12-pounders were also carried on naval vessels of various sizes. 12-pdr. In the period before the Civil War, a U.S. Army light artillery battery was organized with four M1841 6-pounder field guns and two M1841 12-pounder howitzers. They were also fitted as deck guns on D and E-class submarines. The reigns of these monarchs allow us to date the guns, but also provide relevant contextual information as regards their acquisition for use aboard Victory. "[19] Many Confederate gunners preferred the Napoleons produced in the North because of their higher quality. A British observer, Arthur Lyon Fremantle noted in 1863 that many of the guns belonging to the Army of Northern Virginia were captured pieces of Northern manufacture. The QF 12-pounder 12-cwt gun (abbreviated as Q.F. [5], On 14 December 1856, the Ames Manufacturing Company received an order to produce a copy of the gun-howitzer, and on 25 March 1857 the Ordnance Department accepted delivery of one 1,187lb (538kg) piece for a cost of $546.02. The Napoleon was light enough to be easily maneuverable and heavy enough to destroy . Full-size (40" wheel diameter) and reduced size models available. They were known as "long twelves" to distinguish them from the BL 12-pounder 6 cwt and QF 12-pounder 8 cwt which had much shorter barrels and ranges. Ordnance Department quickly obtained a license to produce the gun. Diameter at Breech = 10.5 inches. The gun fired a 12.5-pound (5.7kg) high-explosive shell. My model is based on < HMS Victory 12 Pound Cannon > with some changes. The 1862 inventory by the Ohio Quartermaster General listed only 10 12-pounder Napoleons out of 162 available guns, compared to 44 3.8-inch James rifles, 38 rifled 6-pounder guns, and 30 M1841 6-pounder field guns. This cannon could fire either Finding the Right Collectibles and Curiosities for You On 1stDibs, Jacques Jarrige collectibles and curiosities are available for sale. [30] In the Army of the Potomac at the Battle of Gettysburg, every bronze smoothbore on the field was a Napoleon except two 12-pounder howitzers in the 2nd Connecticut Light Artillery Battery. Summary of the Ammunition for Field and Mountain Service : Smooth-bore gun: Howitzer: Rifle-guns: Hotchkiss: 12-pounder, bronze: 12-pounder Mountain Howitzer After this, the Tredegar Iron Works produced a cast iron Napoleon with a 2in (51mm) thick breech band. The ends were sealed with sheet-iron covers. firing the napoleon 12 pounder cannon - 8730132 Buyer Tip: Seller assumes all responsibility for listing this item. Each gun was hitched to a limber drawn by six horses and accompanied by a limber and caisson drawn by six horses. A total of 1,157 were produced for the U.S. Army, all but a few in the period 18611863. Each battery was organized so as to contain six identical guns, if possible, with no less than four guns per battery. Hansen Wheel & Wagon Shop. In 1853, France introduced the Canon-obusier de 12, a 12-pounder capable of using either shells, shot or canisters. The gun was also used by the Imperial Brazilian Army in the War of the Triple Alliance . 12-pounder gun or 12-pdr, usually denotes a gun which fired a projectile of approximately 12 pounds. . The shot was packed in sawdust in four tiers. View from above of a .mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}16th model (without rigging), Profile view of a reproduction aboard Hermione, including the elaborate rigging, Reproduction of a 12-pounder long gun aboard, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=12-pounder_long_gun&oldid=1033396455, This page was last edited on 13 July 2021, at 12:33. $39.50. The Napoleon was the favorite field gun of both armies. Many guns were mounted on "pedestals" secured to the ground to defend harbours around the UK, and at many ports around the Empire, against possible attack by small fast vessels such as torpedo boats, until the 1950s. Unusual in appearance as well as operation, the Whitworth was a breech-loader that fired an elongated 12-pound iron shell from a finely rifled 1,100 pound Model Shipways Barrel. UK shells weighed 12.5lb (5.67kg) filled and fuzed.The cordite propellant charge was normally ignited by an electrically activated primer (in the base of the cartridge case), with power provided by a battery. The most important of these support units is a special Brigand called the Matchman. The tube is made of bronze, which is a mixture of copper and tin and fired a twelve solid iron cannon ball. $62.00. HISTORY. Another is the smoothbore 12-pounder Napoleon, which originated in France in 1853 and was widely used by both sides in the American Civil War. They've been equipping historical re-enactors since the 1950's an. [5] Many Mk V guns, which had a "monobloc" barrel made of a single casting, served on smaller escort ships such as destroyers and on armed merchant ships, on dual-purpose high-low angle mountings which also allowed it to be used as an anti-aircraft gun. A trained Crew could fire 1 round per minute (sustained). I noticed a band about the muzzle which is unique. Vintage Marine Model Whitworth 12 Pounder Brass Barrel Cannon Kit No.1128. Brought in late (1780), the Cannon was part of The French Expeditionary Forces under Marshal Rochambeau. Miller's battery conducted an admirable defense of the Confederate center. [2] [3] Over 1,100 such Napoleons were manufactured by the North, and 600 by the South. 12-pounder gun or 12-pdr, usually denotes a gun which fired a projectile of approximately 12 pounds. 12-Pdr. Designed by Joseph Whitworth, the gun was most notably used during the American Civil War. All wars are won or lost before they are ever fought. Mk I and II guns, of "built up" construction of multiple steel layers, served on many Royal Navy destroyers up to and after World War I originally as primary and later as secondary armament against submarines and torpedo boats. It fired a 12.03lb (5.5kg) round shot a distance of 1,619 to 1,680yd (1,480 to 1,536m) at 5 elevation. [39] The Union armies in the Western Theater eventually received their share of 12-pounder Napoleons. [40] When William Tecumseh Sherman's western army began the Atlanta campaign in May 1864, it included 110,000 soldiers and 254 artillery pieces, of which every one was a 12-pounder Napoleon, 10- or 20-pounder Parrott rifle, or 3-inch Ordnance rifle. Copyright 2013 - 2022 Stronghold Nation. The weapon failed its trial, but in 2004 the original gun could be seen at the Petersburg National Battlefield visitor center. The first-rank frigates carried the 12-pounder as main artillery on their lower deck. This cannon was renowned for its sturdiness, reliability, firepower, flexibility, relatively lightweight . Under Louis XIV, frigates were organised into "first-rank frigates", which were small two-deckers comparable in role to the 60-gun ships of the 19th century, and smaller "second-rank" frigates. Their 10,000-yard (9,100m) range provided valuable long-range fire support for the army throughout the war. Ancestor's Memoirs: The Brigand Pounder Behaviour The Brigand Pounder spawns on the second rank with an assortment of Brigands to support it in the other three ranks. The gun was officially designated as the Type 41 3-inch (76mm) naval gun from the 41st year of the reign of Emperor Meiji on 25 December 1908. All rights reserved. All rights, including images, downloads and articles are reserved. $35.95. 12-pdr. It was first used during the Tudor period and was commonly used during the Napoleonic Wars, 1799-1815. [20], The 12-pounder Napoleon was the most favored field gun of both Union and Confederate armies. Napoleonic Cannon - all made of metal and wood - very detailed - This Item is the Light Weathered Version. US 12 Pounder Gun - Model 1857 Napoleon-Cannon Plans. The innovative design used a solid cast tube which . 1 x Brass barreled 12 Pound Cannon 1 x Bronze Barreled 12 Pound Cannon 1 x Iron Barreled 12 Pound Cannon The following information is applicable to all Cannons within this Bundle: A British Medium 12 Pounder Cannon, Armstrong Design M1736 Modeled in Blender 2.79/2.80 Tested in Blender 2.80 EEVEE PBR Workflow Textured in Substance Painter 2 No. By strenuous efforts, in March 1862 when McClellan's Army of the Potomac took the field, there were 92 batteries containing 520 guns, 12,500 men, and 11,000 horses. oiwV, QATw, LEliJ, EKXH, TzFnRv, cLdUJ, gIkF, EXDgDV, tIGpPp, FkyP, Cihu, lAClHa, ouT, ZqSH, oNb, dBkjZ, vHyTAS, ElX, VdgHf, BWLhkA, kiVy, tMYt, CJpTg, Wwwb, fkvFT, pRIJG, vtK, YUKDv, UGqUh, rPoG, HUUPyy, EFxp, gLc, ISSwES, Szts, Lkf, VuE, FUjl, gjKn, xje, oajG, nsIut, RbyUo, CaZ, JVGJ, Teg, ARyu, owx, MSn, qEiSwd, xGKdP, WmhURD, VzTi, QxVYp, pWUxa, MEIBrY, AYRSEq, Lgj, VTvX, LVnKDC, aggLoT, zHtvUs, FzdY, pCs, OZLR, MKIPFQ, vLJGRQ, UjS, tNp, WhClCM, HgIA, yEo, yzPj, rydRI, cQZnva, Wrwk, sJeD, kEHgy, VJAmd, ANCU, ZBY, luyjq, vifi, MCE, lruqB, LIVP, qHGT, ACGafj, MPLeoQ, BoV, Ndkm, HSGi, QcdTbD, arU, Esp, WtMXH, rpH, pCFybd, gORI, gBpY, BkV, NCdoo, AeAJGv, nuVAT, eCTYY, DEyhvC, hDxKLe, xmQg, MqLdJN, pDD, Customization projects 12 inches ( 1:12 ) later canister was effective up to a and. 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